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Mr. B: Health 2 Today’s Objectives: • Describe 2 different ways that emerging infections can spread. • Explain the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic. Chapter 23 Lesson 4 Lesson 4: Emerging Diseases and Pandemics Big Idea: Today, _________________ diseases have the potential to ________________ quickly throughout the world. Emerging Infections Main Idea: Some diseases are becoming more ____________________ and ________________________. o __________________ and modern ________________________ have saved millions of lives, but communicable diseases continue to be the ___________________ cause of deaths worldwide. Health experts label some communicable diseases as ____________________ infections. o Def: Communicable diseases whose ___________________ in humans has increased within the past two decades or __________________ to increase in the near future ______________________ now believe that some diseases once thought to be ________________________ may, in fact, be caused by __________________________ pathogens. Such diseases include ________________________, diabetes, and ____________________ artery disease. Factors Contribute to the Spread of Emerging Infections o _____________________ across ______________________ o _____________________ movement o Resistance to ________________________ o Changes in food _______________________ o Agents of _______________________ Avian Influenza o Avian ________________ is passed to humans if there is ____________________ contact with infected _____________________ or contaminated surfaces. o Because there is no vaccine and no __________________, and because humans have little or no ______________________ to the virus, health authorities are watching this disease very carefully. West Nile Virus o ___________________ sometimes feed on birds carrying the West Nile virus. When infected mosquitoes bite ___________________, they often ___________________ the virus. o The best ___________________ measure is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Salmonella and E. coli o Salmonella and E. coli are ________________ that sometimes live in animals’ ____________________ tracts. Mr. B: Health 2 Chapter 23 Lesson 4 o If people come in ___________________ with these bacteria by ___________________ contaminated food produced by these animals, they may become _______________. Recreational Water Illnesses o When water is ________________________ by harmful strains of bacteria such as E. coli or by giardia, you run the risk of getting a _____________________ water illness, or RWI. Def: A microorganism that infects the ______________________ system o ________________________ is a fun way to stay fit, but it can pose a risk of getting an RWI. Other Emerging Infections o Other emerging infections with _______________ health concerns include: _____________________ has become a global health threat. _________________ Disease is transmitted to humans through tick bites Severe __________________ respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral illness. Mad __________________ disease affects the brain functions of cattle. o An epidemic can be of local or global proportions. Def: A disease ________________ that affects many people in the _________________ place and at the same time How Diseases Affect the World Main Idea: Diseases can spread with amazing ___________________. o The world’s countries are connected through ____________________ and travel, making it easy for infectious diseases to travel ____________________ and farther than ever before. o When an epidemic is of global proportions, it becomes a ________________________. Def: A global outbreak of an infectious disease o There is always the _____________________ that an _________________ could become a pandemic. o Health agencies plan for pandemics and develop _____________ - ___________________ strategies to reduce their ______________________. The Impact of Travel o The ___________________ of people in our ____________________ world contributes to the spread of disease. Mutation of Pathogens o Pathogens become drug-__________________ in a three-step process: ______________________ invade the body and cause ____________________. ______________________ attack the pathogens. The pathogens that ____________________ the antibiotics ________________, creating a new ___________________ of drug-resistant pathogens.