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Brief Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 12
Chapter 24
The Study of Life 1
Digestive System and Nutrition 213
Patterns of Chromosomal Inheritance
487
Chapter 13
Chapter 25
Cardiovascular System 239
Molecular Basis of Inheritance 505
Chapter 14
Cell Biology 17
Chapter 26
Lymphatic System and Immunity 263
Chapter 2
Biotechnology 529
Chapter 15
The Molecules of Cells 19
Respiratory System 283
Chapter 3
Cell Structure and Function 45
Chapter 16
Urinary System and Excretion 303
Membrane Structure and Function 67
Evolution and
Diversity 545
Chapter 5
Chapter 27
Chapter 4
Integration and Control of
the Human Body 319
Cell Division 83
Chapter 6
Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes 103
Chapter 17
Chapter 7
Nervous System 321
Cellular Respiration 117
Chapter 18
Chapter 29
Plants 599
Chapter 30
Animals: Part I 617
Chapter 19
Chapter 8
Chapter 28
Microbiology 573
Senses 347
Plant Biology 133
Origin and Evolution of Life 547
Chapter 31
Musculoskeletal System 369
Animals: Part II 643
Chapter 20
Endocrine System 395
Photosynthesis 135
Chapter 9
Behavior and Ecology 669
Plant Organization and Growth 151
Chapter 10
Plant Physiology and Reproduction 169
Continuance of the
Species 417
Chapter 32
Chapter 21
Chapter 33
Animal Behavior 671
Population Ecology 687
Reproductive System 419
Maintenance of the
Human Body 191
Chapter 22
Chapter 11
Chapter 23
Chapter 34
Community Ecology 701
Development 443
Chapter 35
Biosphere 717
Patterns of Gene Inheritance 469
Human Organization 193
Chapter 36
Ecosystems and Human Interferences 743
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Study Guide Table of Contents
Contents
Readings viii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments x
Teaching and Learning Aids xii
The Learning System xiv
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
3
Cell Structure and Function 45
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
1
The Study of Life 1
The Cellular Level of Organization 46
Eukaryotic Cells 49
Prokaryotic Cells 62
Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell 63
C H A P T E R
1.1The Scientific Process 2
1.2The Characteristics of Life 7
1.3The Classification of Living Things 13
4
Membrane Structure and
Function 67
4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure
and Function 68
4.2 The Permeability of the Plasma
Membrane 72
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis 73
4.4 Transport by Carrier Proteins 76
4.5 Exocytosis and Endocytosis 78
C H A P T E R
6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes 108
6.4 Metabolic Pathways and OxidationReduction 112
C H A P T E R
7
Cellular Respiration 117
7.1 Aerobic Cellular Respiration 118
7.2 Outside the Mitochondria:
Glycolysis 120
7.3 Inside the Mitochondria 122
7.4 Metabolic Pool and Biosynthesis 127
7.5 Fermentation 129
5
Cell Division 83
5.1 Maintaining the Chromosome
Number 84
5.2 Mitosis in Detail 88
5.3 Reducing the Chromosome Number 92
5.4 Meiosis in Detail 94
5.5 Comparison of Meiosis
with Mitosis 96
5.6 The Human Life Cycle 98
Cell Biology 17
C H A P T E R
2
The Molecules of Cells 19
Elements and Atoms 20
Molecules and Compounds 23
Water and Living Things 26
Organic Molecules 31
Carbohydrates 32
Lipids 34
Proteins 37
Nucleic Acids 40
C H A P T E R
6
Metabolism: Energy and
Enzymes 103
6.1 Energy 104
6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy
Transformations 106
C H A P T E R
8
Photosynthesis 135
8.1 Radiant Energy 136
8.2 Structure and Function of
Chloroplasts 138
8.3 Solar Energy Capture 140
8.4 Carbohydrate Synthesis 143
8.5 Other Aspects of Photosynthesis 145
8.6 Photosynthesis Versus Aerobic
Cellular Respiration 147
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2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Plant Biology 133
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Contents
C H A P T E R
9
11.3 Organ Systems 202
11.4 Skin as an Organ System 204
11.5 Homeostasis 208
Plant Organization
and Growth 151
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
C H A P T E R
The Flowering Plant 152
Plant Tissues and Cells 154
Organization of Roots 156
Organization of Stems 158
Organization of Leaves 163
Modified Roots, Stems,
and Leaves 164
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
1 2
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
The Digestive System 214
Three Accessory Organs 222
Digestive Enzymes 224
Nutrition 226
C H A P T E R
1 3
Cardiovascular System 239
10.1 Water and Mineral Transport 170
10.2 Organic Nutrient Transport 174
10.3 Plant Responses to Environmental
Stimuli 176
10.4 Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants 180
10.5 Asexual Reproduction in
Flower Plants 186
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
The Blood Vessels 240
The Heart 242
The Vascular Pathways 246
Blood 249
Cardiovascular Disorders 256
C H A P T E R
Integration and Control of
the Human Body 319
1 4
Lymphatic System and
Immunity 263
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
Lymphatic System 264
Nonspecific Defenses 266
Specific Defenses 268
Induced Immunity 274
Immunity Side Effects 276
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
1 5
Maintenance of the
Human Body 191
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
1 1
Respiratory Tract 284
Mechanism of Breathing 288
Gas Exchanges in the Body 292
Respiration and Health 295
Human Organization 193
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11.1 Types of Tissues 194
11.2 Body Cavities and Body
Membranes 201
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1 7
Nervous System 321
Respiratory System 283
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Urinary System 304
The Kidneys 307
Urine Formation 311
Maintaining Water-Salt Balance 312
Maintaining Acid-Base Balance 315
1 0
Plant Physiology and
Reproduction 169
C H A P T E R
1 6
Urinary System and
Excretion 303
Digestive System and
Nutrition 213
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
v
Neurons and How They Work 322
Peripheral Nervous System 328
Central Nervous System 332
The Cerebral Hemispheres 336
Higher Mental Functions 338
Drug Abuse 341
C H A P T E R
1 8
Senses 347
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
Sensory Receptors and Sensations 348
Somatic Senses 350
Chemical Senses 352
Sense of Vision 354
Sense of Hearing 362
Sense of Balance 365
Study Guide Table of Contents
vi
Contents
C H A P T E R
1 9
C H A P T E R
Musculoskeletal System 369
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
Anatomy and Physiology of Bones 370
Bones of the Skeleton 373
Skeletal Muscles 381
Mechanism of Muscle Fiber
Contraction 385
19.5 Whole Muscle Contraction 388
19.6 Exercise and Muscle Contraction 391
22.1 Early Developmental Stages 444
22.2 Differentiation and
Morphogenesis 448
22.3 Human Embryonic and Fetal
Development 451
22.4 Human Development after Birth 463
2 0
2 3
Patterns of Gene
Inheritance 469
Endocrine System 395
20.1 Environmental Signals 396
20.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland 400
20.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 403
20.4 Adrenal Glands 405
20.5 Pancreas 408
20.6 Other Endocrine Glands 411
26.3 The Human Genome Project 538
26.4 Gene Therapy 539
Development 443
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
2 2
Evolution and
Diversity 545
23.1 Mendel’s Laws 470
23.2 Genetic Disorders 478
23.3 Beyond Mendel’s Laws 481
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
2 4
Origin and Evolution
of Life 547
Patterns of Chromosomal
Inheritance 487
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
Inheritance of Chromosomes 488
Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes 492
Sex-Linked Inheritance 496
Linked Genes 500
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
Origin of Life 548
Evidence of Evolution 551
Process of Evolution 556
Speciation 565
C H A P T E R
C H A P T E R
2 5
Continuance of the
Species 417
C H A P T E R
2 1
DNA Structure and Replication 506
Gene Expression 510
Control of Gene Expression 517
Gene Mutations 520
Cancer: A Failure of Genetic
Control 522
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Male Reproductive System 420
Female Reproductive System 424
Female Hormone Levels 427
Control of Reproduction 431
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 435
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C H A P T E R
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
2 6
Biotechnology 529
Viruses 574
Kingdom Monera 577
Kingdom Protista 583
Kingdom Fungi 591
C H A P T E R
Characteristics of Plants 600
Nonvascular Plants 602
Seedless Vascular Plants 604
Seed Plants 608
26.1 Cloning of a Gene 530
26.2 Biotechnology Products 534
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2 9
Plants 599
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
Reproductive System 419
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
2 8
Microbiology 573
Molecular Basis of
Inheritance 505
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
2 7
Study Guide Table of Contents
Contents
C H A P T E R
3 0
C H A P T E R
Animals: Part I 617
Community Ecology 701
30.1 Evolution and Classification
of Animals 618
30.2 Introducing the Invertebrates 621
30.3 Mollusks 628
30.4 Annelids 631
30.5 Arthropods 634
C H A P T E R
34.1 Community Composition and
Diversity 702
34.2 Competition 704
34.3 Predation 707
34.4 Symbiosis 710
34.5 Community Stability
and Diversity 712
3 1
Behavior and Ecology 669
C H A P T E R
Animals: Part II 643
C H A P T E R
Echinoderms 644
Chordates 646
Vertebrates 649
Human Evolution 659
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
Genetic Basis of Behavior 672
Development of Behavior 674
Adaptiveness of Behavior 676
Animal Societies 680
Sociobiology and Animal Behavior 683
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3 3
Scope of Ecology 688
Characteristics of Populations 690
Regulation of Population Size 692
Life History Patterns 694
Human Population Growth 695
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35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
Climate and the Biosphere 718
Biomes of the World 721
Terrestrial Biomes 722
Aquatic Biomes 731
C H A P T E R
3 6
Ecosystems and Human
Interferences 743
Population Ecology 687
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
3 5
Biosphere 717
3 2
Animal Behavior 671
C H A P T E R
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31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
3 4
36.1 The Nature of Ecosystems 744
36.2 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 748
36.3 Human Impact on Biodiversity 756
Glossary G-1
Credits C-1
Index I-1
Study Guide Table of Contents
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