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I.
Sparta
a. Peloponnesus peninsula
b. In a valley; not on a hill
c. No walls around city-state
d. Isolated mountainous region
e. Rigid militarized society
i. Result of Helot uprising
f.
II.
Society
i. Equals  descendents of invaders
1. Controlled city-state
ii. Half-Citizens
1. Free, paid taxes
2. Served in army
3. NO political power
iii. Helots
1. Slaves
2. Outnumbered Spartans 8-1
3. 30 year uprising
g. Spartan Government
i. Two kings
1. One  army
2. Other  matters at home
ii. Council of Elders
1. 28 males over 60
2. Wealthy aristocrats
3. Proposed laws / courts
iii. Assembly
1. Voted to accept or reject laws
2. Elected 5 ephors
iv. Ephors
1. 1 year term
2. Controlled education
3. Kept an eye on the kings
h. Military Society
i. Boys age 7  Barracks
ii. Remained available for military until age 60
i. Women
i. Girls  physical training
ii. Women  ran daily affairs of city-state
1. More rights than Athenian women
Athens
a. Attica peninsula
b. Poor farming area
c. Sea traders
d. Society
i. Citizens  Athenian born men
ii. Metics
1. Non citizens
2. Free, paid taxes
3. NO political participation
iii. Slaves
1. Captured in war
2. Treated as property
e. Government
i. Monarchy  aristocracy
ii. General Assembly
1. Elected generals
2. Elected nine archons
iii. Archons
1. Rulers who served 1 year terms
f. Leaders (archons / tyrants)
i. Draco
1. Archon 600s
2. Wrote first written law code 621
3. Harsh  Draconian
ii. Solon 594
1. Became single archon
2. Settled disputes between rich and poor
3. Outlawed Debt slavery
4. Made many changes in government
a. Divided citizens in 4 groups
b. Set up court of citizen jurors
iii. Peisistratus
1. 546 – 527 B.C.
2. Ruled as a tyrant
3. Improved economy
4. Clashed with nobles –
a. Nobles returned to power
5. Cleisthenes
a. Seized power
b. Turned Athens into a Democracy
c. Divided citizens in 10 tribes
i. Each tribe choose 50 men
d. Council of 500
i. Proposed laws
e. Athenian courts more democratic
i. Jurors chosen by lot (random)
ii. Vote of verdict on secret ballot
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