Download WHY STUDY INSECTS??

External Structure of Insects,
Functions & Locomotion
•
•
•
•
Insect surface: exoskeleton & epidermis
Head: Mouthparts, Antennae, Eyes
Thorax:Thoracic segments, Wings, Legs
Abdomen: Segments,Ovipositor,Cerci,Style
THE INSECT SURFACE
(Exoskeleton) - glycoprotein
Dermal gland:
produce pheromone,
repellant
Function of Exoskeleton
•
•
•
•
Body support
Protection
Water conservation
Location of muscle attachment - allows
movement
• Colouration & Camouflage
Exoskeletal Parts
•
•
•
•
Tergite/Tergum (Dorsal,Abdomen)
Notum (Dorsal, Thorax)
Pleurum (Lateral)
Sternite/Sternum
HEAD
MOUTH PARTS
•
•
•
•
•
Clypeus
Labrum (“upper lip”)
Labium (‘lower lip’)
Mandibles (‘jaw-like)
Maxillae
mandible
maxilla
labium
ADAPTATIONS OF THE MOUTHPARTS
• MANDIBULATE – most primitive
– Chewing (beetles, grasshoppers etc)
• HAUSTELLATE – sucking up liquid
– A) Stylet – needle-like [Mosquito,
Hemiptera(true bugs)]
– B) Proboscis – siphon (Butterflies and
moths)
– C) Sponging – most flies
THE EYES
• 2 Types: a) Compound eye
b) Ocelli (sing. Ocellus)
Compound eye
THE ANTENNA
• For touch and smell ( some case hearing)
THORAX
•
•
•
•
Pro,meso,meta
Notum & Pleuron
Wings
Legs
THORAX
HALTERE
-balancing-
pro
meso
meta
pro
meso
meta
DIPTERA- TRUE FLIES
NOTUM (DORSAL)
pro
pro
meso
meso
meta
meta
PLEURON
(LATERAL)
LEGS
FEMUR
TROCHANTER
TIBIA
COXA
tarsus
TYPES OF INSECT’S LEGS
• CURSORIAL
• Wakling, running
• Ground beetles, cockroach
• FOSSORIAL
• Front leg, digging soil
• Mole cricket
• RAPTATORIAL
• Fore leg, adapted for catching prey
• Praying mantis
•
•
•
•
SALTATORIAL
Hind leg, jumping
Enlarge femur
grasshoppers
•
•
•
•
NATATORIAL
For swimmng
With hairs
Water beetles
• POLLEN COLLECTING
• tibia adaptation (corbicula)
• Pollen basket
WINGS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ELYTRON
TEGMINA
HEMIELITRON
MEMBRANOUS
HALTERE
SCALE-LIKE
FRINGED
Fringed-like
•Front wing Sword-like(bentuk pedang)
•Long hairs along the wind margin
•Order thysanoptera (berimbing)
Scale-like wing (butterflies & moths)