Download Phonics and Spelling Work - Saltersgate Infant School

Phonics and Spelling Work.
High quality phonic work is our way of teaching children how to
read and spell words. Our aim is that all children are well
placed to read and spell words confidently by the time they
leave Saltersgate Infant School.
Here is a quick guide to some of the terminology associated
with phonics that we will be introducing our children to:
Phoneme: the smallest unit of sound in a word. The English
language has approximately 44 phonemes. A phoneme can be made
up of one, two three or four letters.
‘’What phoneme (sound) can you hear at the beginning/end/middle
of this word?’’
Grapheme: a letter or group of letters that represent one
phoneme (sound).
Blend: To merge individual sounds (phonemes) together to make a
word e.g. h-a-t blended says hat.
Segment: The opposite of blending - to split a word into its
individual phonemes. ‘At’ segments into 2 phonemes
a-t. ‘Star’ segments into 3 phonemes s-t-ar.
Digraph: Two letter that go together to make one phoneme e.g. sh,
ch.
Trigraph: Three letters that go together to make one phoneme
e.g. ear, air.
Our phonics programme consists of a six phase structure. A
brief description of each phase is given overleaf:
1
Phase
One
Year group
Nursery
Key features
Listening to and exploring:
 Environmental sounds
 Instrumental sounds
 Body percussion
 Rhythm and rhyme
 Words that begin with the
same sound (alliteration).
 Voice sounds
 Oral blending and segmenting
phonemes.
 Learning through active play
based activities.
Two
Reception
Children are introduced to 19
graphemes (letters) and their
phoneme(sound)
Letters and sounds:
 s,a,t,p
 i,n,m,d
 g,o,c,k
 ck,e,u,r
 h,b,f,ff,l,ll,ss
Blending and segmenting are taught.
Five tricky words for reading are
introduced.
2
Three
Reception
Children are introduced to more graphemes –
mostly two letter ones.
 j,v,w,x
 y,z,zz,qu
 ch,sh,th,ng
 ai,ee,igh,oa,oo
 ar,or,ur,ow,oi
 ear,air,ure,er
They begin to read and spell two syllable
words and captions.
Letter names are taught during this phase.
Tricky words continue (12 to read, 5 to spell).
Four
Reception/Y1
Children consolidate their knowledge of the
graphemes and phonemes they have learned so
far.
Letters that are often seen together are
taught – eg cr, fl, bl, ck, ft,mp, st.
Tricky words are continued (14 to read and 12
to spell).
Five
Throughout
Year One
The last phoneme is taught – zh as in treasure.
New graphemes are taught. – ay, ou, ie, ea, oy,
ir, ue, aw, wh, ph, ew, oe, au, ey, a-e, e-e, i-e,
o-e, u-e.
Graphemes that look the same but can sound
differently (a.e.i,o,u,ow, ie, ea, er, ou, y, ch, c,
g, ey) and those that look different but sound
the same (ch/tch/tu, j/dge, m/mb, n/gn/kn,
r/wr, s/se/st, z/se, u/o, i/y/ey, ear/eer,
ar/a/al, air/ear/are, or/a/our/augh,
ur/or/ear, oo/u/oul)are taught.
Tricky words for reading and spelling are
taught .
3
Six
Throughout
Year Two
Reading:
Learning to read becomes reading to learn.
Increased independence.
Comprehension strategies are developed.
Spelling:
Teaching of spelling continues.
Application of spelling in writing is
developed.
Knowledge of the spelling system continues
to be developed.
When phonemes can be spelled in different
ways children learn which words take which
spellings. eg. – See/sea, bed/head/said,
cloud, clown.
Spelling of words with prefixes (un, dis) and
suffixes (s, es, er, est, ly, ed, ing, ful),
doubling and dropping letters as necessary.
eg –hop/hopping, hope/hopeful,
carry/carried, happy/happiness
Increasingly accurate spelling of unusual
words eg laugh, once, two, answer, could,
there.
Tricky words taught as needed.
4
Words for reading and spelling in Reception and Year One.
Phase Two – Reception.
Decodable words (words which
can be ‘sounded out’.
Tricky words.
a
an
as
at
if
in
is
it
of
off
on
can
dad
the
to
I
no
go
into
had
back
and
get
big
him
his
not
got
up
mum
but
put
Phase Three – Reception
Decodable words
will
that
this
then
them
with
Tricky words.
see
for
now
down
look
too
he
she
we
me
be
was
you
they
all
are
my
her
5
Phase Four – Reception/Year One
Decodable words
Tricky words
went
it’s
from
children
just
help
said
have
like
so
do
some
come
were
there
little
one
when
out
what
Phase Five – Year One
Decodable Words
don’t
day
old
made
I’m
came
by
make
time
here
house
saw
about
very
your
Tricky words
oh
their
people
Mr
Mrs
looked
called
asked
could
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Phase Six – Year Two
In Year Two your child will begin to learn to read and spell these
high frequency words:
water
away
good
want
over
how
did
man
going
where
would
or
took
school
think
home
who
didn’t
ran
know
bear
can’t
again
cat
long
things
new
after
wanted
eat
find
more
I’ll
round
tree
magic
shouted
us
other
food
fox
through
way
been
stop
must
red
door
right
sea
these
began
boy
animals
never
next
first
work
lots
need
live
say
soon
night
narrator
small
car
couldn’t
three
head
king
town
I’ve
around
every
garden
fast
only
many
laughed
let’s
much
suddenly
told
another
great
why
cried
keep
room
fun
place
mother
sat
boat
window
sleep
feet
morning
queen
each
book
its
green
different
let
girl
which
inside
run
any
under
hat
snow
air
trees
bad
tea
top
eyes
better
hot
son
across
gone
hard
floppy
really
wind
wish
eggs
once
please
thing
stopped
ever
miss
most
cold
park
lived
birds
duck
horse
rabbit
white
coming
he’s
river
liked
7
everyone
our
two
has
yes
play
take
thought
dog
well
that’s
baby
fish
gave
mouse
something
bed
may
still
found
last
jumped
because
even
am
before
gran
clothes
tell
key
fell
friends
box
dark
granddad
there’s
looking
end
than
best
giant
looks
use
along
plants
dragon
pulled
we’re
fly
grow
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