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Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Foreign Ags………. 對外 Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR Adaptive immunity Four characteristics 1. Antigen specificity 2. Diversity 3. Immunological memory 4. Self tolerance Clonal selection Antigen specificity Diversity Central tolerance Immune diversity Memory Peripheral tolerance Sites of effector function Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches Lymph node distribution in the body Immunity & Ag location Humoral response Ag Extracellular Intracellular (Altered self) Innate Adaptive 2 B cells Phagocytes CD4 Th NK 1 CD8 Tc cells Cytotoxicity Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) Induction of adaptive immunity Phagocytes Inflammation Dendritic cells (DC) Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC) Lymph node B/T cells Inflammatory site Lymphocyte activation Clonal selection Humoral Imm/CMI Memory Inflammatory site T cell activation DC HEV Lymph node T Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of CD4 Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Effector Activation Naïve, activated, effector Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) Humoral immunity Priming The activation and differentiation of naïve T cells Three signals in naïve T cell activation Costimulation Professional APC Signal 1 Ag & MHC presentation pathways Foreign or Self Ag DC/Macrophages/B cells Signal 2 Signal 2 alone Signal 1+2 CD4 T cell activation IL2R IL2 production Clonal expansion Professional APC Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance Negative regulation of signal 2 upon T cell activation Inhibition of activated T cells Peripheral tolerance CD4 T cell differentiation Th17 Promote local inflammation CMI: CD8 T Humoral response Signal 3: cytokine Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Effector response Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Activation Innate immunity Effector phase Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17 Amplifier of acute Inflammation (local site, BM) IL17 Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. IL6 Chemokines G-CSF GM-CSF Recruitment of neutrophils Expression of antimicrobial peptides Activation of macrophages CD4 T cell differentiation CMI CD8 T Humoral immunity CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1 APC activation CMI: CD8T cytotoxic response Cytotoxic granules Membrane effector molecule Effector T cells Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Effector response Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory B cells as APC Effector Th2 cells Humoral immunity: B cell response CD4T-dependent: 1. Isotype switching 2. Somatic hypermutation Affinity maturation 3. Memory Effector response CD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2 CD8 Tc B cells Immune effector function Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Adaptive immunity Protective immunity & time Memory cells:long-lived Apoptosis of effectors
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