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The Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System
Part 2
Female Reproductive System
 Ovaries
 Produce female gametes (ova)
 Secrete female sex hormones
 Estrogen and progesterone
 Accessory ducts include
 Uterine tubes (oviducts, fallopian tubes)
 Uterus
 Maintains zygote development
 Vagina
 Receives male gametes
Suspensory
ligament of
ovary
Peritoneum
Uterosacral
ligament
Perimetrium
Rectouterine
pouch
Rectum
Posterior fornix
Cervix
Anterior fornix
Vagina
Anus
Urogenital diaphragm
Greater vestibular
(Bartholin’s) gland
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Infundibulum
Uterine tube
Ovary
Fimbriae
Uterus
Round ligament
Vesicouterine
pouch
Urinary bladder
Pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
Urethra
Clitoris
External urethral
orifice
Hymen
Labium minus
Labium majus
Figure 27.10
Ovaries
 Each about twice as large as an almond
 Retroperitoneal
 Ovarian ligaments
Suspensory
ligament of ovary
Ovarian blood
vessels
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Broad
ligament
Mesometrium
Ovarian ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Lateral cervical
(cardinal) ligament
Lateral fornix
Cervix
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fundus
of uterus
Ovary
Lumen (cavity)
of uterus
Uterine
tube
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Round ligament of uterus
Endometrium
Wall of uterus
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Vagina
Figure 27.12a
Ovaries
 Follicles
 About 400,000 present at birth
 Some develop into mature ova at sexual maturity
 Maturation of a follicle occurs about every 28 days
 Ovulation
Tunica
albuginea
Degenerating corpus
luteum (corpus
albicans)
Germinal
epithelium
Primary
follicles
Ovarian
ligament
Cortex
Oocyte
Granulosa cells
Late secondary follicle
Mesovarium and
blood vessels
Vesicular
(Graafian)
follicle
Antrum
Oocyte
Zona
pellucida
Theca
folliculi
Ovulated
oocyte
Corpus luteum
Corona
Developing
radiata
corpus luteum
(a) Diagrammatic view of an ovary sectioned to reveal the follicles in its interior
Medulla
Figure 27.11a
Female Duct System
 Uterine tubes
 Uterus
 Vagina
Suspensory
ligament of ovary
Ovarian blood
vessels
Broad
ligament
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Ovarian ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Lateral cervical
(cardinal) ligament
Lateral fornix
Cervix
(a)
Fundus
of uterus
Ovary
Lumen (cavity)
of uterus
Uterine
tube
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Round ligament of uterus
Endometrium
Wall of uterus
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Vagina
Figure 27.12a
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
 Extend from uterus to near ovary
 End in infundibulum
 Post-ovulation
 Cilia create currents, move ovum into uterine tube
 Fertilization normally takes place within tube
 Ectopic pregnancy
 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Uterus
 Structure
 Body
 Main region
 Fundus
 Rounded superior region
 Isthmus
 Narrowed inferior region
 Layers
 Serosa
 Myometrium
 Endometrium
Suspensory
ligament of ovary
Ovarian blood
vessels
Broad
ligament
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Ovarian ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Lateral cervical
(cardinal) ligament
Lateral fornix
Cervix
(a)
Fundus
of uterus
Ovary
Lumen (cavity)
of uterus
Uterine
tube
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Round ligament of uterus
Endometrium
Wall of uterus
Myometrium
Serosa
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Vagina
Figure 27.12a
Lumen of uterus
Epithelium
Capillaries
Uterine glands
Venous sinusoids
Lamina propria of
connective tissue
Spiral (coiled) artery
Straight artery
Endometrial vein
Smooth muscle fibers
Radial artery
Arcuate artery
Uterine artery
(b)
Figure 27.13b
Uterus
 Cervix
 Narrow neck, or outlet
 Projects into the vagina
 Common site for cancer
Vagina
 Muscular tube from uterus (cervix) to outside the body
 Birth canal
 Organ of copulation
 Pathway for menstrual flow
 Lined by mucous membrane
 Acidic secretions retard bacterial growth
 Immune cells
Suspensory
ligament of ovary
Ovarian blood
vessels
Broad
ligament
Uterine (fallopian) tube
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Ovarian ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Lateral cervical
(cardinal) ligament
Lateral fornix
Cervix
(a)
Fundus
of uterus
Ovary
Lumen (cavity)
of uterus
Uterine
tube
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infundibulum
Fimbriae
Round ligament of uterus
Endometrium
Wall of uterus
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Vagina
Figure 27.12a
Hormonal Function of Ovaries
 Endocrine function
 Estrogen and progesterone production
 Development of reproductive organs
 Secondary sexual characteristics
 Affect protein anabolism
 Affect fluid and electrolyte balance
Hormonal Function of Ovaries
 FSH and LH
 Produced by pituitary gland
 Human chorionic gonadotropin
 Produced by placenta
 More on these later….
External Genitalia
 Vulva
 Skin folds surrounding vaginal orifice
 Clitoris



Erectile tissue
Homologous to male penis
Sexual arousal
Accessory Organ
 Mammary glands
 Present in both males and females
 Modified sweat glands
 Glandular alveoli capable of hormone stimulated milk production
Accessory Organ
 Mammary glands
 Breast cancer