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INTERLUDE D The Earth’s Interior Concept Map I. Definition of Geophysics II. Layers of the Earth and the Relative Densities A. Crust B. Mantle C. Outer core D. Inner core III. Seismic Waves A. Speed of P-waves versus S-waves B. Travel times through different rocks C. Waves traveling through solids versus liquids D. Reflection and refraction i. Definitions ii. Direction of refraction and velocity of rocks IV. Discovering Earth’s Layers A. Crust–mantle boundary B. Structure of the mantle C. Core–mantle boundary D. Core i. Inner ii. Outer V. Seismic Tomography A. Definition/process B. Knowledge gained VI. Seismic Reflection Profiling A. Definition/process VII. Gravity A. Definition B. The geoid i. Definition ii. Versus the reference geoid C. Gravity anomaly i. Definition ii. Positive versus negative anomalies and their relation to the mass below D. Definition of Archimedes’ Principle E. Isostasy i. Definition ii. And gravity anomalies VIII. Magnetics A. Magnetic force, magnetic field, and magnetization B. Definition of dipole C. Origin of Earth’s magnetic field D. Magnetic anomaly i. Definition ii. Positive versus negative anomalies iii. Over oceanic crust versus continental crust
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