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Some Stata Output for the single sample of size 25: Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ---------+----------------------------------------------------chgprice | 25 17.3368 23.54894 -13.8 76.01 And from the population from which it was drawn: Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ---------+----------------------------------------------------chgprice | 7497 12.27294 28.133 -89.36 525 Results of the simulation: 10,000 samples of size 25 and the overall mean of their individual means (and their overall standard deviation) Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ---------+----------------------------------------------------chgprice | 10000 12.2264 5.588577 -4.1552 45.1392 The theoretical mean of the distribution of all possible sample means should be the same as the population mean µx (12.27294 vs 12.2264) σ or 5.6266, we got 5.5886 also very n close. We would be closer if we had chosen a larger sample size n. Note the shape, it's very close to normal. The theoretical standard deviation for this distribution should be