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HITLER’S FOREIGN POLICY AND THE CAUSES OF WW2: HITLER’S AIMS AND ACTIONS In January 1933, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and immediately began to challenge the Treaty of Versailles and adapt an aggressive foreign policy, which led to war. Some historians argue that Britain and France were to blame for the Second World War because they did not stand up to Hitler. It is easy to blame Hitler for starting the war. Hitler's aims were aggressive, and he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf" in 1924: “Everybody thought that there was some justification in Hitler’s demands. All Germans hated Versailles. Hitler tore up this hateful treaty and forced France to its knees…. people said, “he’s got courage to take risks” German political opponent. (Dr. Marjie Bloy) 1) Destroy the Treaty of Versailles. 2) Create a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people). After World War One there were Germans living in many countries in Europe e.g. Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland. Hitler hoped that by uniting them together in one country he would create a powerful Germany or Grossdeutschland. 3) Lebensraum (living space) to conquer land for Germany in Eastern Europe. (Poland, Russia) Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do. 1935 - Rearmament 1936 - Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1938 - Anschluss with Austria 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 - The invasion of Poland Hitler’s actions 1933-1939 Date Event 1933 League of Nations 1934 Austria 1935 Saar 1935 Rearmament 1935 Anglo-German Naval Treaty 1936 Rhineland 1936 Guernica 1937 Anti-Comintern Pact 1938 Anschluss 1938 Sudetenland 1939 Czechoslovakia 1939 Poland What happened Hitler leaves the League of Nations. Hitler tries to take power in Austria. Austrian Nazis murder the chancellor, Dolfuss. Italy moves its army to the border and Hitler backs down. As planned in the Treaty of Versailles, the people of Saar (which had been given to France for 15 years) vote to return to Germany. Hitler increases the size of the German army to half a million members. Britain, France and Italy do nothing. Britain helps Germany break the Treaty of Versailles by signing an agreement to allow Germany a navy one-third of the size of Britain's. German troops re-occupy the Rhineland. They are given orders to retreat if France offers any resistance. France does nothing. Hitler tests his armed forces when German bombers, which are helping the Fascists in the Spanish Civil War, bomb the Spanish town of Guernica. Civilians in Britain and France are frightened. Alliance of Germany, Japan and Italy against communism Hitler occupies Austria. First, Hitler encourages the Austrian Nazis to demand a union with Germany. Then he invades when the Austrian chancellor announces a vote to see what Austrians want. After the German invasion, 99 per cent of Austrians vote "Ja". Britain and France do nothing. Hitler bullies France and Britain into giving him the Sudetenland. Hitler invades Czechoslovakia and takes control. Hitler invades Poland and provokes the Second World War. ~ Use the information provided and additional reading from the following links to complete the questions ~ *http://www.historyhome.co.uk/europe/hitfor.htm *http://hsc.csu.edu.au/modern_history/national_studies/germany/4024/nazi.htm Explain how Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles (Make reference to specific treaty clauses and stipulations –i.e.- article 231 the war guilt clause, limits to army and defence force, etc): ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ How did other countries react to Hitler’s ________________________________ aggression?: (Be specific and makes ____________ reference to events and countries/leaders) ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Explain how Hitler achieved his other two aims in his foreign policy from 1933-1939: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________ Compare the Treaty of Versailles to Hitler’s foreign policy. Which should hold a larger responsibility for causing WW2? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Context: What historical events and attitudes are being represented in the cartoon?: Elements: Look at the cartoonists depictions in the source. Explain why he has represented particular figures the way he has: Limitations: consider the publishing information – who has the source been constructed by. What bias exists? And what perspective is represented in the source? Message: (Overall ) What is the source trying to say given its particular representation of history? :
