Download Saturated-Core Fault Current Limiter Field Experience at a

Saturated-Core Fault Current Limiter
Field Experience
at a Distribution Substation
Franco Moriconi, Francisco De La Rosa,
Albert Nelson, Larry Masur, Zenergy Power Inc., US;
Detlev Kirsten, Zenergy Power GmbH, DE
CIRED
Frankfurt (Germany)
6-9 June 2011
RIFS1, 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Outline
Zenergy Power
 FCL Operating Principle and Advantages
 FCL Program Overview and Roadmap
 Field Experience at Distribution Substation
 The Compact FCL design for HV applications
 Summary & Conclusions

Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Zenergy’s Business Fields and Markets
Expertise in superconductive materials
Expertise in products and services
End markets
Image Courtesy of Converteam
Low-cost
large-scale
Renewable
Energy
Generation
Fault Current
Limiter
(‘FCL’)
Smart Grid
Hardware
Magnetic
Billet Heater
(‘MBH’)
Industrial
Heating
of Metals
Coils
for Generators
Next generation
low cost wire (2G)
In-house coiling
of superconductor
wire
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Grid Protection with Fault Current Limiters
Inherently fail safe and self healing devices for electric utilities
Typical applications of Fault Current Limiters:
 Network reinforcement
G
 Protection of network components
(transformers, switchgear, busbars)
 Distributed Generation connection
 Power quality
Incoming
Feeder
Embedded
Generation
Bus Tie
Faulty network
Fault Current Limiter
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Operating Principle of Saturated-Core FCL
Trade Name “Magnetic Fault Current Limiter” (MFCL)
Picture-Frame Iron Cores
AC Coil
Boost
Buck
AC Coil
Buck
Boost
Configuration for single
phase MFCL.
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Operating Principle of MFCL
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Advantages
– Fast: acts within the first ¼ cycle
– Self-triggering: passive device
– Self-recovering: does not interrupt current
– Scalable: MV to HV applications
– Robust: designed for 3s short circuit currents
and CB automatic reclosing
– Reliable: 24/7 operation
– Fail Safe: fails in high impedance state ensuring protection at all times
– Automatic: full remote monitoring/data
– Transparent: reduce or eliminate issues associated with reactors. This includes
transient recovery voltages and high insertion impedances.
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Zenergy Power Milestones of
„Magnetic Fault Current Limiter“ Development
HV Prototype
138kV prototype landmark operation
138kV prototype three-phase #2&3
10-36kV com
138 kV prototype manufacturing phase #1
MV Prototype
138kV lab-scale prototypes tested
Demonstrator
33kV commercial design started Q2 2011
Lab-Test
11kV commercial prototype landmark operation
11kV commercial prototype high power tested
11kV commercial prototype built
15kV compact design demonstrators #1,2,3&4 built and tested
12kV prototype installed & on the grid from 03.2009 to 11.2010
12kV prototype built & tested
MV lab-scale demonstrator built and tested
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Experience at Distribution Substation
- Serving 1400 commercial and residential customers
- Online March 9, 2009, collecting data continuously since installation
- Scheduled decommissioning in November 2010
MFCL 15kV Class at SCE Shandin Substation,
San Bernardino, California
Zenergy
Power
MFCL
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Experience at Distribution Substation
115 kV LINE
115/12kV
Transformer
AUTO-BYPASS
SWITCH
First installation in U.S. electricity grid
Operated by Southern California Edison
Supported by U.S. Department of Energy and California Energy Commission
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Experience at Distribution Substation
NAMEPLATE
Rated Voltage
Rated Current
Frequency
N. of phases
BIL
Short Circuit Duty
Short Circuit Duration
Asymmetry Factor
Insertion Impedance
15
1200
60
3
110
23
30
2.7
1
kV
kA
Hz
kV
kA
cycles
%
TEST
Winding Resistance
Impedance
Total loss
Temperature rise
Applied voltage
Insulation power factor
Insulation resistance
Short Circuit
Turn-to-turn
Lightning impulse @110 kV
Chopped-wave impulse
Audible sound
Partial Discharge
Seismic Verification
Reference
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std C57-12.01-2005
IEEE Std C57-12.01-2005
SCE Protocol
IEEE Std C57-12.01-2005
IEEE Std C57-12.01-2005
IEEE Std C57-12.01-2005
SCE Protocol
IEEE Std C57.16-1996
IEEE Std 693
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Fully Tested
TEST 77 - DOUBLE FAULT SEQUENCE - 20kA X/R=22, FCL IN
50
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
40
30
Line Current [kA]
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Time [sec]
Endurance Test
20 kA rms X/R=22
3-phase to Ground
82 Cycles
TEST 77 - 1.25s - 80 cycles FAULT - 20kA X/R=22, FCL IN
50
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
40
30
20
Line Current [kA]
Recovery Under
Load
23 kA rms X/R=44
3-phase to Ground
30 Cycles
Double Fault
Recovery Under
Load
20 kA rms X/R = 22
3-phase to Ground
20 Cycles
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time [sec]
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Experience at Distribution Substation:
In-grid fault events
three seconds phase-to phase fault
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Summary of Operating Experience:
MFCL at Southern California Edison´s Shandin substation
 MFCL has operated continuously since Mar 2009 and was decommissioned in
Dec 2010
 Operating in a hot, windy, and dusty outdoor environment (-1°C to +42°C)
 Experienced one loss of DC Bias with consequent “resonance” condition (see
IEEE paper)
 Successful integration with automatic bypass switch by utility
 Experienced one fault event with multiple faults in quick succession
on 14 January 2010
 Rode through two “Loss of Station Power” events
 Effective bypass of MFCL and shut-down of the HTS coil (as expected)
 “Station power failures” caused by grid disturbances not on Avanti circuit
 Instantaneous bypassing sought by SCE
 Performed routine maintenance on cryogenics compressors
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Compact MFCL Design
Compact single phase
Picture frame single phase
AC input
AC output
HTS
coil
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Compact MFCL – Fully Tested
FCL DESIGN PERFORMANCE - 3-PHASE-TO-GROUND
30
Prospective Current phB
FCL Limited Current phB
25
20
Line Current [kA]
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Time [sec]
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Path from DEMONSTRATOR to COMMERCIAL DESIGN
TO
PROTOTYPE
FROM
DEMONSTRATOR
SPIDER:
2.5x2.5 m footprint
Effective core 300 cm2
Rectangular COMPACT:
2.0x1.3 m footprint
Effective core 860 cm2
TO
COMMERCIAL
PRODUCT
ROUND COMPACT:
1.8m OD footprint
Effective core 750 cm2
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
MFCL System for CE Electric substation, UK
Customer: ASL
Operator: CE Electric, UK
15 kV Voltage Rating
3-Phase, 50 Hz
1.25 kA Nominal Current
17 kApeak Prospective Fault Current
3 Second Fault Duration
<1% Insertion Impedance
Reduce Fault by 23% => 13.25 kApeak
Recovery Under Load
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Compact MFCL – Fully Tested – 3 seconds
200
DC CURRENT [A]
180
160
140
120
100
30
HTS Current 3 second fault
LINE CURRENT [kA]
80
20 0
0.5
1
1.5
Time [sec]
2
2.5
3
2.5
3
10
0
-10
Three Phase Fault - 3 seconds
-20
-30
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time [sec]
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
High Voltage MFCL 138kV at AEP Tidd Substation, Ohio
Requirements Summary
 Rated 138 kV, 1,300 A

~ 20 kA prospective fault

Reduce fault by 50%

Recovery under load required

Fault test single-phase end 2011

Install 3-phase device mid 2012
FCL
MFCL will replace Air
Core Reactors
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
138kV MFCL Design:
3 single-phases
50 %
3.8 W
Reactor
Voltage
Drop
FCL
6.2%
2%
1.5%
Current
Power
0.5%
0.42 kA
100 MVA
1.3 kA
320 MVA
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
10 kA
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Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
SUMMARY: Zenergy Power´s MFCL
1st installation of the MFCL in March 2009 at Avanti circuit of Southern California
Edison, utility serving Los Angeles/San Bernardino county, for 1.5 year operation
 name plate rating 15 kV / 1,200 A
 20% clipping of max. 23 kApeak prospective fault current
Compact MFCL prototype for ConEd in New York City, 2009
 rated 13.8 kV / 2,500-4,000 A
 successful testing in July 2009, data are confidential to ConEdison
Distribution class MFCL underway for deployment and commissioning in Q3 2011
for ASL/CE Electric in UK
 name plate rating 12 kV / 1,250-1,600 A
 23% clipping of max. 17 kApeak prospective fault current
2011: ASL ordered 33kV FCL engineering study for CE Electric UK.
Transmission class MFCL in manufacturing for deployment in Mid-2012
for AEP American Electric Power in Ohio
 rated 138 kV / 1,300 A
 43% clipping of max. 20 kApeak prospective fault current
Moriconi, DeLaRosa, Masur, Nelson, Kirsten – US – RIFS1 – 0680
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