Download February 25 Kingdom Monera

KINGDOM
MONERA
(BACTERIA)
F E B R U A RY 2 5 2 0 1 6
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify and label structures of a generic Monera
• Identify and Describe the four criteria through
which Monera are classified
• Describe the ways in which Monera
obtain/metabolize energy
• Describe the three ways Monera reproduce
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Why
study
Bacteria?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
WHAT WE LOOK LIKE
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
WHAT WE LOOK LIKE
 All Monera are
unicellular and
prokaryotic
 No nucleus. DNA or
RNA and ribosomes
floating in cytoplasm.
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
WHAT WE LOOK LIKE
 Cell membrane made
of lipids
 Cell wall made of
peptidoglycan to
protect cell
 Flagellum to move
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
ACTIVITY TIME!
Please arrange yourselves
into groups of 3
When you have a group of
three raise your hands
ACTIVITY TIME!
1 Coloured sheet
3 fact sheets
1 fact sheet per person
Puzzle out which bacteria is
which
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Cocci
Round
and
spherical
Bacilli
Shaped like
a rod (or
sausage)
Spirilla
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Spiral shaped
(looks like
pasta)
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Clustering
Behaviour can also
help with classifying
bacteria
Some bacteria form
chains, others form
colonies of two cells.
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Hans Christian Gram
was staining bacteria
with crystal violet.
He realized some
retained the crystal
violet and others did
not.
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Gram-positive: cells
that can retain the
crystal violet
(purple)
Gram-negative:
cells that can’t retain
crystal violet (pink)
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Bacteria with a thick
peptidoglycan cell wall
could retain the
crystal violet.
Bacteria with a thin
peptidoglycan layer
generally couldn’t
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
Flagella: whip-like
projection that helps
bacteria move
Slime: glide on slime
secretion (like a slug)
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
No movement
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE ARE CLASSIFIED
The genetic
makeup of
species is
generally
unique.
Probably the
most specific
identification
1. Shape
2. Cell Wall
3. Bacterial
Movement
4. DNA/RNA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
What is the shape
of this bacterium?
Is it gram-negative
or gram positive?
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE TRAP ENERGY
Phototrophic
Autotrophs:
Monerans that trap
the energy of the
sun
Cyanobacteria
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE TRAP ENERGY
Chemotrophic
Autotrophs:
Monerans that trap the
energy of the inorganic
molecules (e.g.
hydrogen sulfide,
nitrites, ammonia)
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE TRAP ENERGY
Chemotrophic Heterotrophs
(aka heterotrophs)
Monera that trap the energy of the
organic molecules (e.g. salmonella)
Phototrophic Heterotrophs:
Monera that can photosynthesize
and trap energy of organic material
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples