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A Self-Report Rating Scale to Screen for Psychiatric Disorders: Reliability and Validity Evidence
Joyce Sprafkin, Ph.D., Kenneth D. Gadow, Ph.D., & Jayne Schneider, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, NY 11794-8790
Objective: There is a need for efficient rating scales to help psychiatrists
screen for a wide range of DSM-IV disorders in adults. This study examines
the reliability and validity of the Adult Self-Report Inventory-4 (ASRI-4)1.
Method: A community sample of 450 males and 450 females between 18 and
75 years old (M=45.6) anonymously completed the ASRI-4. A subsample
(N=219) completed the ASRI-4 a second time 2 weeks later. Other
subsamples (N-114 to 276) completed the ASRI-4 and other validated
measures that assess similar constructs as the ASRI-4 (PTSD Checklist2;
Social Phobia Inventory3; Brief Symptom Inventory4; Mood Disorder
Questionnaire5). A sample of 487 psychiatry outpatients also completed the
ASRI-4.
Results: Test-retest correlations (symptom severity scores) ranged between
.61 and .94, and kappas (symptom count scores) were > .40 with few
exceptions (Table 1). Correlations between ASRI-4 categories and the validityevidence scales showed a fairly predictable pattern of convergence with
scales containing similar symptoms and divergence with scales of dissimilar
symptoms (Tables 2 & c). Clinic outpatients who received specific diagnoses
scored significantly higher than those without such diagnoses on
corresponding ASRI-4 categories (Figure 1).
Conclusions: These preliminary findings provide evidence of the reliability
and validity of the ASRI-4 as a measure to screen for many psychiatric
disorders in adults.
Table 2
Correlations of ASRI-4 Category Scores With Measures of
Selected Disorders
Table 1
Test-Retest Reliabilities for ASRI-4 Symptom Count
(Kappa) and Symptom Severity (r) Scores
Abstract
ASRI-4 Category
Kappa
ra
.58
.53
.45
.49
.24
.75
.64
.43
.58
.55
.61
.16
.35
-.33
.41
.54
---
.77
.73
.63
.71
.77
.79
.67
.76
.77
.74
.79
.61
.65
.75
.65
.73
.74
.78
.94
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
aAll
rs significant, p < .001, N = 219.
ADULT SELF-REPORT INVENTORY-4
Your Name
Age
Male
Female
Today's date
Table 3
Correlations of ASRI-4 Symptom Severity Scores With Brief
Symptom Inventory4 Scores
N =116
N = 143
N = 114
ASRI-4 Categories
Depression
Hostility
Psychotic
ASRI-4 Categories
PTSD Scale
Social Phobia
Scale
Bipolar Scale
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
ADHD: Combined
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
.40c
.48c
.54c
.54c
.59c
.79c
.40c
.41c
.61c
.77c
.71c
.78c
.41c
.44c
.79c
.14
.67c
.52c
.59c
.29b
.36c
.44c
.43c
.33c
.45c
.59c
.35c
.35c
.27b
.55c
.40c
.52c
.36c
.35c
.49c
.51c
.61c
.69c
.25b
.18a
.20a
.44c
.46c
.38c
.47c
.59c
.22a
.25b
.48c
.52c
.37c
.52c
.53c
.37c
.52c
.13
.64c
.26b
.27b
.28b
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
ADHD: Combined
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
.34
.44
.45
.39
.47
.66
.31
.35
.44
.55
.60
.60
.28
.40
.62
.37
.64
.45
.34
.04
.35
.60
.44
.51
.52
.72
.29
.51
.39
.52
.57
.54
.36
.68
.63
.37
.66
.44
.25
.23
.28
.39
.47
.39
.48
.69
.33
.38
.41
.55
.49
.58
.31
.42
.59
.29
.69
.38
.31
.02
Mean r w/nonspecific
categories
.53
.41
.39
r > .22, p<.001, N = 276.
a = p<.05, b = p<.01, c = p<.001.
A. Are you (please circle):
Single
Married
B. Check your highest level of education:
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
_____ grades 1-6
_____ grades 7-9
_____ some high school (grades 10-11)
_____ high school graduate
_____ some college
_____ college graduate
_____ masters or doctoral degree
References
Comparison of ASRI-4 Symptom Severity Scores of Outpatients
With versus Without Specific Diagnoses
1Gadow
KD, Sprafkin J, Weiss M (2004). Adult SelfReport Inventory 4 manual. Stony Brook, NY:
checkmatePlus. (www.checkmateplus.com).
C. What is your occupation when you are working?_______________________________________________
D. Are you currently working? ____Yes ____No
20
E. Are you currently receiving therapy for an emotional or mental health problem? ____Yes ____No
2
Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC,
Forneris CA. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD
Checklist (PCL). Behav. Res. Ther 34: 669-673.
18
G. If "yes," what is the name of the medication(s) that you are taking: ______________________________
Directions: Check which rating best describes your overall behavior. Answer each question to the best of
your ability.
Never
GROUP A
Sometimes
Often
Very
often
1. I worry a lot about bad things that could happen
2. I have trouble getting myself to stop worrying
3. I feel nervous and on edge
4. I feel grouchy or cranky
5. I get tense and can't relax
6. I am bothered by trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
Symptom Severity Scores
F. Are you currently taking medication for an emotional or mental health problem? ____Yes ____No
16
3
14
12
With Disorder
10
Without Disorder
8
6
© 2004 CHECKMATE PLUS
www.checkmateplus.com
Derogatis LF (1993). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).
Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
(assessments.ncspearson.com).
Hirschfeld RM, Williams JB, SpitzerRL, Calabrese JR
(2000). Development and validation of a screening
instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The Mood
Disorder Questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry 157: 1873-1875.
4
2
Unauthorized reproductions of this instrument are not permitted.
4
5
7. I get tired very easily
8. I have trouble keeping my mind on what I am doing
Connor KM, Davidson JF, Churchill LE, Sherwood A,
Foa E, Weisler RH. (2000). Psychometric properties of the
Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). British J of Psychiatry
176: 379-386.
0
ADHD:I
GAD
Reprinted with permission by Checkmate Plus.
Normative sample participant honoraria funded by Checkmate Plus.
Social Phobia
Diagnoses
Depression
Psychosis