Download Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology
Joint Motion Terminology
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Gliding
o Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and from side to
side over one another; little change in the angle between bones.
Flexion
o Decrease in the angle between articulating bones, usually in the sagittal
plane.
Lateral Flexion
o Movement of the spine in the frontal plane
Extension
o Increase in the angle between articulating bones, usually in the sagittal
plane.
Hyperextension
o Extension beyond the anatomical position
Abduction
o Movement of a bone away from the midline, usually in the frontal plane
Adduction
o Movement of a bone toward the midline, usually in the frontal plane.
Circumduction
o Flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession, in which the
distal end of a body part moves in a circle.
Rotation
o Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis; in the limbs, it may be
medial, or lateral
o Internal Rotation
 Rotation toward the midline
o External Rotation
 Rotation away from the midline
Special Movements
 Elevation
o Superior movement of a body part
 Depression
o Inferior movement of a body part
 Protraction
o Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane
 Retraction
o Posterior movement of a body parting the transverse plane
 Inversion
o Medial movement of the soles so that they face each other.
 Eversion
o Lateral movement of the soles so that they face away from each other.
 Dorsiflexion
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o Bending the foot in the direction of the dorsum of the foot
Plantar flexion
o Bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface (sole) of the foot.
Supination
o Movement of the forearm that turns the palm anteriorly and superiorly.
Pronation
o Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly and inferiorly.
Oppostion
o Movement of the thumb across the palm to touch fingertips on the same
hand.