Download Theoretical questions to credit N3 General and special virology. 1

Theoretical questions to credit N3
General and special virology.
1. Virus, definition, differences between virus and bacteria. Classification and taxonomy.
2. Differences between terms "virus", 'virion", and "provirus". Morphology (structure) of a
virion.
3. The chemical structure of the enveloped and naked viruses, the function of the viral
genome and itsshell in the interaction with the host cell.
4. Reproductive cycle of a virus in the host cell. Major stages of the viral multiplication and
shortdescription of the each stage.
5. Types of the interaction between virus and host cell: productive, integrative, and abortive
ones. Shortexplanation, their appearance in the duration of the viral disease.
6. Methods of the virus cultivation. Types of the cell cultures. Ways for inoculation of the
virus-including material into the chicken embryo.
7. Virus indication: CPE (its appearance), color test, and plaque formation in the monolayer
of the cellculture.
8. Virus indication: hemadsorption and hemagglutination.
9. Virus antigens: external and internal. Their characteristics and specifity. Methods of their
detection.
10. Virus identification: hemagglutination inhibition and hemadsorption inhibition tests.
11. Virus identification: neutralization test, possible ways for detection of the positive results.
12. Bacteriophages, definition. Their morphology and classification.
13. Life cycles of the virulent and temperate bacteriophages, short description.
14. Cultivation of the phages. Their detection and titration in the environmental probes (sewage
water,drinking water and others).
15. Usage o f the phages in medicine. Phagotyping, its significance in the detection of the
source of infection at outbreaks.
16. The major principles of the laboratory diagnostics at virus disease.
17. Orthomyxoviruses: the influenza viruses, types, morphology and antigen structure.
Biological properties (resistance, cultivation, host range). Epidemiology of the flu,
pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics, specific and non-specific prevention,
therapy. Antigenic variation of the influenza virus A.
18. Paramyxoviruses: parainfluenza virus, types, morphology, and antigen structure.
Biological
properties (resistance, cultivation, host range). Epidemiology of the parainfluenza,
pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics, prevention, therapy.
19. Paramyxoviruses: mumps and measles viruses, their morphology and antigen structure.
Biological properties (resistance, cultivation, host range). Epidemiology of the mumps and
measles, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics, specific and non-specific
prevention, therapy.
20. Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackie and echoviruses, classification. Morphology and
antigen structure. Biological properties (resistance, cultivation, host range). Epidemiology of
the poliomielitis, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics, specific prevention.
Significance of the coxsackie and echoviruses in human pathology.
21. Rabies virus. Morphology and antigen structure. Features of the wild and fixed virus, their
biological properties. Epidemiology of the madness, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, current specific prevention.
22. Viruses causing Russian spring-summer encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis.
Taxonomy,morphology and antigen structure. Biological properties (resistance, cultivation,
host range).Epidemiology of the RSSE and JE, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, specific and prevention, therapy.
23. Viruses causing infectious (fecal-oral) hepatitis: HAV and HEV. Their morphology and
taxonomy. Epidemiology of the hepatitis A infection, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, specific prevention.
24. Viruses causing parenteral hepatitis: HBV, delta virus, HCV and HGV. Their
morphology and taxonomy. Antigen structure. Epidemiology of the hepatitis B infection,
pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics, specific prevention, therapy.
25. HIV. Morphology, taxonomy, and antigen structure. Biological properties (resistance, host
range and target cells). Epidemiology of the HIV, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory
diagnostics (initial and final diagnosis). AIDS, the reasons for its development. Antiretroviral
therapy.
26. Herpes viruses: herpes simplex viruses, types and their biological properties. Epidemiology
of the herpes labialis and herpes genitalis, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory diagnostics,
prevention, therapy.
27. Herpes viruses: varicella/zoster virus. Taxonomy. Morphology and biological properties.
Epidemiology of the varicella/zoster infection, pathogenesis, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
28. Herpes viruses: CMV and EBV. Taxonomy. Morphology and biological properties.
Epidemiology of the cytomegalovirus infection and infectious mononucleosis, pathogenesis,
methods for laboratory diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
29. Adenoviruses, their classification, significance in the human pathology. Morphology and
biological properties. Epidemiology of the adenovirus infection, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
30. Rotaviruses, their classification, significance in the human pathology. Morphology and
biological properties. Epidemiology of the rotavirus infection, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
31. Coronaviruses, their classification, significance in the human pathology. Morphology and
biological properties. Epidemiology of the adenovirus infection, methods for laboratory
diagnostics, prevention and therapy.
32. Oncogenic viruses, their classification: Ofie(+) and one (-) viruses. Viral oncogenesis.