Download Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Plant Kingdom
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Nonvascular
Plants
Club mosses
Seedless Vascular Plants
Whisk ferns
Horsetails
Ferns
Vascular
Plants
Gymnosperms
Conifers
Cycads
Gnetophytes
Ginkgo
Seedbearing
Vascular
Plants
Angiosperms
Angiosperms
Timeline of seed plant evolution – fossil evidence
Silurian
Angiosperms (135 mya)
Gymnosperms
(300 mya)
First seed plants
(375 mya)
Flowering Plants
Angiosperm Characteristics
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Heterospory
Pollen and pollination
Male & female gametophytes (unisexual)
Endosporic development
Ovule with nucellus and integuments
Seed
Pollen & pollen tubes
Secondary growth
Archaefructus 135mya
Uniquely Angiosperm Characteristics
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Ovary
Flowers
Highly reduced (i.e. small) gametophytes
Double fertilization
Angiosperms Contain Ovules in an Ovary
Gymnosperms
– Zygote
– Endosperm…triploid tissue
Ovary
Seed
• Fruit… developed ovary
– Significance of fruit
• induces insects/animals to spread seeds
• overcomes lack of mobility with seed
Angiosperms
Ovuliferous Scale
1
Pollination
Flower morphology
Bee in cardon flower
3. Androecium
2. Corolla
1. Calyx
4. Gynoecium
Mexican freetail bat
Angiosperms Gametophytes are highly reduced
Male
Gametophyte
Double fertilization
Embryo & Endosperm
Female Gametophyte
Tube
Cell
Generative
Cell
1. Double fertilization results in
Zygote formation (diploid)
Endosperm formation (triploid)
2. Zygote forms embryo
Fruit
Angiosperm Phylogeny
Eudicots
175,000
Amborella
Waterlilies
Star-anise
Monocots
65,000
Magnoliids
Archaefructus
2
Monocots & Eudicots
Characteristic
Examples
Cotyledons
Leaf venation
Wood
Monocots
Eudicots
Grasses, Palms
Most flowers &
Trees
One
Two
Parallel
Netted
Rare
Trees common
Flower parts
in threes
In fours or fives
Endosperm
Common
Rarely present
End
Angiosperms
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