Download air or water

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

page
1
page
2
page
3
page
4
page
5
page
6
page
7
page
8
page
9
page
10
page
11
page
12
page
13
page
14
page
15
page
16
page
17
page
18
page
19
page
20
page
21
page
22
page
23
page
24
page
25
page
26
page
27
page
28
page
29
page
30
page
31
page
32
page
33
page
34
page
35
page
36
page
37
page
38
page
39
page
40
page
41
page
42
page
43
page
44
page
45
page
46
page
47
page
48
page
49
page
50
page
51
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
p613
Figure 35-1 p614
External environment
(air or water)
Internal environment
(interstitial fluid)
O2
CO2
A
cells of the
respiratory
surface
B
other
body
cells
Figure 35-1 p614
Figure 35-2 p614
Figure 35-3 p615
Figure 35-3a p615
gill in mantle cavity
siphon expels water
siphon draws water
into mantle cavity
Figure 35-3a p615
Figure 35-3b p615
gills
Figure 35-3b p615
Figure 35-3c p615
opening
leading
to lung
Figure 35-3c p615
Figure 35-3d p615
tracheal tube
(inside body
tissues)
spiracle (small
opening at
body surface)
Figure 35-3d p615
Figure 35-4 p616
Figure 35-4a p616
gill filaments
one gill arch
Water
exits
through
gill slits
Figure 35-4a p616
Figure 35-4bc p616
respiratory surface
gill arch
fold with
a capillary
bed inside
gill
filament
water
flow
oxygenated blood
back toward body
direction of
blood flow
oxygen-poor blood
from deep in body
Figure 35-4bc p616
Figure 35-4d p616
Water flow
60%
50%
Blood flow
Blood
capillary
Figure 35-4d p616
Figure 35-5 p617
Figure 35-6 p617
A
B
Figure 35-6 p617
Figure 35-7 p617
lungs
posterior
air sacs
anterior
air sacs
Figure 35-7 p617
Figure 35-8 p618
nasal cavity
pharynx (throat)
epiglottis
larynx (voice
box)
trachea
(windpipe)
left lung
Cast of airways (white) and blood vessels (red) in human lungs.
bronchus
bronchiole
alveolar sac
(sectioned)
diaphragm
intercostal
muscle
alveoli
Figure 35-8 p618
Figure 35-9 p619
Figure 35-9a p619
vocal cords
glottis
(closed)
epiglottis
base of
tongue
Figure 35-9a p619
Figure 35-9b p619
vocal cords
glottis closed
glottis open
Figure 35-9b p619
Figure 35-10 p620
Figure 35-10a p620
Inward
flow of air
Figure 35-10a p620
Figure 35-10b p620
Outward
flow of air
Figure 35-10b p620
Figure 35-10c p620
Figure 35-11 p621
Stimulus
CO2 concentration and
acidity rise in the blood
and cerebrospinal fluid.
Chemoreceptors
in wall of carotid
arteries and aorta
Response
Respiratory center
in brain stem
Diaphragm,
Intercostal muscles
CO2 concentration
and acidity decline
in the blood and
cerebrospinal fluid.
Tidal volume and rate of breathing change.
Figure 35-11 p621
Figure 35-12 p621
Figure 35-12a p621
Figure 35-12b p621
Figure 35-13 p622
Figure 35-14 p622
DRY INHALED AIR
MOIST EXHALED AIR
120 27
160 less than 1
inside alveoli
104 40
40 45
pulmonary
arteries
100 40
pulmonary
veins
40 45
start of
systemic
veins
100 40
start of
systemic
capillaries
O2
CO2
cells of body
less than 40 less than 45
Figure 35-14 p622
Figure 35-15 p623
p623
Figure 35-16 p624
Figure 35-17 p625
Figure 35-18 p627
Related documents