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BIOLOGY Unit 6 Cycle Practice
Bears
Sea lions
Seals
Walruses
Raccoons
Badgers
Weasels
Skunks
Otters
Canids
Felids
Hyenas
Mongooses
Civets
1. Using the dendrogram or cladogram to the left, which
species is more closely related to the sea lions, bears
or seals? Explain your answer.
Seals because they share the same
evolutionary branch.
2. If an organism has genes that improve their ability
to survive and reproduce then what will most likely
increase?
The frequency of that gene within the
population.
3. Why does a pesticide used to kill insects lose its
effectiveness over time?
The insects become resistant & pass that gene
for resistance onto their offspring.
4. Present day whales evolved from ancestors that had four legs. What would the fossils look like to support this
theory?
The older fossils will have four limbs and the more recent fossils will have flipper-like appendages.
5. Four species with a homologous section of DNA have the following
nucleotide sequences. According to the information, which 2 species
are more closely related? Explain why. Species 1 and 3 because
they only have two differences in their DNA.
Species 1
ATGTAGC
Species 2
ATCTGAC
Species 3
AGGTACC
Species 4
AGGCGGC
6. What type of structure is depicted in the picture below?
HOMOLOGOUS
7. If you and a different species shared the structure illustrated
in question #6, what could you say about your evolutionary
history? They have a common ancestor
8. Label the speciation diagrams on the right and
explain the difference between the two.
Gradualism – adaptations occur slowly (gradually)
Punctuated – adaptations occur quickly/rapidly &
there is a distinct change in the species
GRADUALISM
PUNCTUATED
9. Wolves that live in snowy climates often prey on rabbits. Some rabbits can move quickly across deep snow because
they have large feet that don’t sink into the snow. Rabbits without this adaptation move more slowly across the
snow. Explain how natural selection might cause a rabbit population to change over time & how would the rabbits
look as a result of the changes. The population would change over time because rabbits without the adaptation
(small feet) would frequently be preyed on, lowering their reproductive success and limiting their alleles in the
population. The larger footed rabbits (the fittest for their environment) would then be able to reproduce,
increasing the frequency of the large foot alleles until a majority of the rabbit population exhibited the trait.
10. The fossils found in layer D resemble those found in
layer C. This similarity suggests that – may have
evolved from earlier forms of life
BONUS: What layer is oldest? A
What happens to the species as time progresses? They
become more complex
11. What major change in the environment occurred
after layers D and E? A large sudden change in the
environment that removed the source of water.
12. Two species of Antelope squirrels are on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon. What mechanism of evolution led to the
speciation of these animals?
Geographical Isolation which will lead to greater genetic variety.
13. Scientists studying the moth population in the woods of
east Texas found the distribution of moth wing color
shown in the graph to the right. The woods contained
trees with bark that was mostly black.
Two years later a fungus attached nearly all of the trees
in the woods and the tree bark changed from black to
patches of gray & white. Which graph shows the
probable distribution of moth wing color within the
next several years?
A
B
A
C
Bonus:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Homologous Structure
Analogous Structure
Vestigial Structure
Molecular/Biochemical Evidence
Fossil Evidence
Embryological Evidence
Biogeographical Evidence
F
_______
1. In the earliest stages of development, a tail and gill slits can be seen in
rabbits, fish, birds and humans.
A
_______ 2. Exemplified by forelimbs of bats, whales, and monkeys.
D
_______
3. DNA and RNA comparisons
B
_______
4. Bird and Butterfly wings have same function but different structures.
C
_______
5. A body structure no longer used but may have had a function in an
early ancestor (appendix in humans or hind limbs in whales.
G
_______ 6. Geographic Isolation would fit into this category.
E
_______
7. Preserved remains that show change over time.
Define denatured and inhibited. Denatured is to change the properties or alter the quality of
something. Inhibit means to prevent/stop.