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Monoaminergic neurons have common properties. A. The baseline electrophysiological properties of all monoaminergic neurons are similar. The slow,
regular firing pattern of a noradrenergic neuron in the locus ceruleus is shown at the upper left. Serotonergic and histaminergic neurons are similar. The
upper right shows the average impulse activity of noradrenergic cells in the locus ceruleus in a behaving rat shown during different stages of sleep and
waking. Histaminergic and serotonergic neurons exhibit a similar pattern of activity over the sleep-wake cycle. The bottom left shows the average activity
of presumptive cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Note decreased activity from waking to slow sleep (NR1 and NR2) but increased activity during
REM sleep. The lower right shows that firing of neurons in the locus ceruleus follows a circadian rhythm. Histograms show the distributions of firing rates
Source: The Modulatory Functions of the Brain Stem, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon
of the neurons during dark and light periods of the circadian cycle. Lesions of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus eliminate the difference in
Citation:
ER, Schwartz
TM, Siegelbaum
SA, Hudspeth
AJ, Mack
S. Principles
of Neuralsleep;
Science,
Editon; 2012
locus ceruleus
firing Kandel
rates during
the dark JH,
andJessell
light periods.
(REM, rapid
eye movement
sleep;
SWS, slow-wave
W, Fifth
wakefulness;
AW,Available
active
at:
http://mhmedical.com/
Accessed:
May
10,
2017
wakefulness; QW, quiet wakefulness; NR1, lighter stages of non-REM sleep; NR2, deeper stages of non-REM sleep.) (Upper right reproduced, with
Copyright
© 2017 and
McGraw-Hill
Education.
All rights
reserved
permission, from
Aston-Jones
Bloom 1981;
lower left
modified,
with permission, from Szymusiak et al. 2000; lower right reproduced, with permission,
from Aston-Jones et al. 2001.)