Download Operating Systems - Chapter 1

Understanding Operating Systems
Flynn & McHoes
Part I: Operating Systems Theory
1. Overview
2. Memory Management, Early Systems
3. Memory Management, Recent Systems
4. Processor Management
5. Process Management
6. Concurrent Processes
7. Device Management
8. File Management
9. Network Organization Concepts
10. Management of Network Functions
11. System Management
Understanding Operating Systems
Part II: Operating Systems in Practice
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MS-DOS Operating System
Windows 2000
UNIX/Linux Operating System
OpenVMS Alpha Operating System
IBM OS/390 Operating System
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Chapter 1: Overview
• Introduction
• Operating System
Components
• Machine Hardware
• Types of Operating
Systems
• Brief History of Operating
Systems Development
• Conclusion
Understanding Operating Systems
Software
Components
Developed
Hardware
Components
Developed
Operating Systems
Developed
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Components of an Operating System
Operating system – part of the computing system that
manages all of the hardware and all of the software
– Controls every file, device, section of main memory &
every nanosecond of processing time
Operating system
consists of
Understanding Operating Systems
• Memory manager
• Processor manager
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Device manager
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File manager
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Subsystems Must Work
With Each Other
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Tasks Performed by Each Subsystem
1. Monitor its resources continuously
2. Enforce the policies that determine who gets what, when
and how much
3. Allocate the resource when appropriate
4. Deallocate the resource (reclaim it) when appropriate
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Machine Hardware
• Memory chips
• Input/output devices (monitor, keyboard, printer)
• Storage devices (disks, magnetic tape, card readers, drums)
• Central Processing Unit (Arithmetic Logic Unit, registers,
internal control, bus control)
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Types of Operating Systems
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Batch (simple and multi-programmed)
Interactive (time-sharing)
Real-time systems
Hybrid systems (combination of batch and interactive)
Parallel (tightly coupled)
Distributed (loosely coupled)
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Brief History of Operating
Systems Development
Second Generation
Job scheduling, JCL, faster
I/O, spooling, batch, files
1940
1955
Recent Developments
Distributed computing,
personal computers, highspeed communication,
multi-media
1965
1980
First Generation
Third Generation
Vacuum tube, single user,
early operating systems
Shared processing,
multiprogramming, virtual
memory, DBMS
Understanding Operating Systems
1990
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Key Terms
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batch system
central processing unit
device manager
file manager
firmware
hardware
hybrid system
interactive system
main memory
mainframe
Understanding Operating Systems
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memory manager
microcomputer
minicomputer
multiprocessing
networking
operating system
processor manager
real-time system
software
supercomputer
workstation
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