Download Additional Chap 14

Chapter 14 repeat
Hydrolysis of fat (saponification)
Micelle formation (soap action)
Detergents
Condensation polymers
PETE
PEN
Condensation Polymers
• Polyesters are condensation polymers
• They are formed by eliminating a small
molecule (e.g., H2O) when combining:
– Diacid
– Diol
14.2 Esters
• Each of the combining molecules has two
reactive functional groups, highlighted in red
Polethylene terphthalate, PETE
COOH + n HO CH2CH2OH
HOOC
Terphthalic acid
HOOC
PETE is used in:
•Mylar
•Plastic bottles
•Polyester fabric
*
O
C
H+
1,2-ethanediol
O
C O CH2CH2OH
+ H2O
O
C O CH2CH2O
Continued
condensation
at each end
n*
Repeating unit of the polymer
PEN
Polymers
14.4 Nature’s High Energy Compounds:
Phosphoesters and Thioesters
15
• Phosphoric acid reacts with alcohols to
produce a phosphate ester or
phosphoester
• The ester can then react with a second or
third acid to give phosphoric acid
anhydrides
• ADP and ATP of biochemistry fame are
important examples of phosphate esters
Phosphoesters and Thioesters
14.4 Nature’s High Energy Compounds:
Phosphoric Acid Esters
Ester bond
NH2
Anhydride bonds
O
O
N
N
O
O P O P O P O CH2
O O O
adenosine
triphosphate, ATP
N
N
OH
O
OH
Phosphate esters
Phosphoesters and Thioesters
14.4 Nature’s High Energy Compounds:
Thioesters
• In biochemistry, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl
CoA-SH) reacts with acyl groups to “activate”
them for further biological reaction by
forming a thioester
-
COO
CH2
O
COO
CoA-S C CH3 + C O HO C COO
CH2
Acetyl CoA CH2 COO
COO
+ CoA-SH
Pheromones
Pain killers
Painkillers and pheromones
17.2 Fatty Acids
Structures of Four Prostaglandins
Prostaglandin synthesis
Prostaglandins