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GRAMMAR ACTIVITY: PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS Present simple 1. USE The present simple is used to describe routine activities, habits or permanent situations. It can be used with adverbs that describe frequency: always, never, often, sometimes, usually, etc. It uses the “s” in the third person singular (“he works”) 2. CONSTRUCTION Affirmative form Subject + Verb They work in this hospital. She works in this hospital. Negative form Subject + do not (don’t) / We don’t speak English. does not (doesn’t) + Verb He doesn’t speak English. Interrogative form Auxiliary do/does + Do you smoke? Subject + Verb -­‐Yes, I do! -­‐No, I don’t. Does he smoke? -­‐Yes, he does! -­‐No, he doesn’t Present continuous (ALSO KNOWN AS PRESENT PROGRESSIVE) 1. USE The present continuous is used to speak about things that are happening right now, or when the action occurs at the moment it’s spoken about. The present continuous can use expressions of time, such as: now, at the moment, currently, etc. He is working at the moment. *Note: The present continuous is almost always used with the auxiliary verb ‘to be + the verb form –ing’ The present continuous can also be used to describe something that will happen very soon, or in the near future. It can use expressions of time, such as: tomorrow, next week, in three hours, at five o’clock, today, etc. What are you doing this weekend? I am going to the cinema with friends. 2. CONSTRUCTION Affirmative form Subject + Auxiliary + Verb I am reading a medical form of -­‐ing magazine now. Negative form Subject + Negative She is not (isn’t) reading a Auxiliary + Verb form of medical magazine at the -­‐ing moment. Interrogative form Auxiliary + Subect + Verb Are you reading a medical form of -­‐ing magazine? *NOTE: Exceptions in the present continuous, verbs that express a feeling or a thought, do not have a progressive form. For example: dislike, hate, like, love, want, know, believe. I hate mushrooms. When ‘always’ is used with the present continuous, it is translated in French as ‘sans arrêt, constamment, tout le temps’: She is always meeting interesting people in this department. Practice Exercise: Change the questions from the present simple to the present continuous. Example: What do you usually do on weekends? (Present simple) What are you doing this weekend? (Present continuous) 1. Do you visit him on the geriatric ward every week? __________________________________________________ this week? 2. Does the surgeon operate every Friday? __________________________________________________ next Friday? 3. Do you come to this hospital? __________________________________________________ next month? 4. Does she work in this unit? __________________________________________________ at the moment? 5. What does this patient have for lunch? __________________________________________________ today? Practice Exercise: Complete the dialogue using either the present simple or the present continuous. Nurse: What (1) __________________________________ (you/do)? Patient: I (2)___________________ (pack) my suitcase because I (3)______________________ (leave). Nurse: But I (4) _____________________ (not/understand). Why (5) ______________________ (leave)? Patient: I can’t stand being in the hospital. I (6) _______________________ (not/want) to have an operation. Nurse: But you can’t! Where (7) ____________________________ (you/go)? Patient: My girlfriend (8) ____________________________ (wait for) me. We (9) _____________________ (go) home.