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Digestive Systems
Miss Tonnessen
• Having a stomach with one compartment
• Swine
• Can store only small amounts of food at any one time
• Most digestion takes place in the small intestine
• Unable to break down large amounts of roughage
Monogastric
• Animals have a stomach with four compartments
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Rumen
Reticulum
Abomasum
Omasum
Sheep & Cattle
Ability to break down plant fibers
Store more efficiently
Regurgitate food
• “chews cud”
Polygastric
• Fermentation site
• Largest compartment
• Lined with finger-like structures
• Papilla
• Along with reticulum, known as the fore-stomach
• Adult dairy cow’s rumen can hold approx. 49 gal of water
• Adult sheep’s rumen can hold approx. 5-10 gal
Rumen
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Honeycomb or “Hardware Compartment”
4.25 gal capacity
First chamber of the stomach
Magnets can be used
Aids in regurgitation
Reticulum
• “True Stomach”
• Most similar to the simple stomach
Abomasum
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Folds along lining
Water absorption
Squeezes out the water from the feed
Reduces particle size
Cattle—up to 2 gallons
Sheep—1 quart
Omasum
• In groups, you will use your smart phone or iPad and research
on of the following stomachs/compartments:
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Simple Stomach (monogastric)
Rumen (polygastric)
Reticulum (polygastric)
Omasum (polygastric)
Abomasum (polygastric)
• You will research approximate size in different animals, the
function/purpose, facts, appearance, etc.
• You will present your findings to your peers before class is
over
Group Activity
• Water
• Largest component of nearly all living things
• Muscles and internal organs of animals contain 75% or more
water
• Least expensive
• Can only live a matter of days without
• Nutrients are dissolved or suspended for transport
throughout the body
• Regulates body temperature
Nutrient Classes
• Protein
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Major component of muscles and tissues
Made from nitrogen compounds (amino acids)
Monogastric animals need specific amino acids
Polygastric—quantity is more important than quality
Necessary for healthy reproduction
Young animals need it for body growth
Nutrient Classes
• Carbohydrate (CHO)
• Composed of sugars and starches
• Provide energy and heat to animals
• Simple sugars used in animal feeds:
• Glucose, fructose, and galactose
• Compound sugars
• Sucrose, maltose, lactose
• Complex forms of CHO
• Starch and cellulose
• Make up 75% of animal rations
Nutrient Classes
• Minerals
• Skeleton is composed mostly of minerals
• Endocrine, circulatory, urinary, and nervous systems is
heavily dependent on various minerals
• 15 essential minerals
• Mineral supplements are important
Nutrient Classes
• Vitamins
• Acquired by animals in several ways
• Roughages and concentrates
• Made by the body itself
• Minute quantities
• Act mostly as catalysts for other body processes
• Used in the body for:
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Clotting of blood
Forming bones
Reproducing
Keeping membranes healthy
Producing milk
Preventing certain nervous system disorders
Nutrient Classes
• Fat
• Small amounts required in most animal diets
• Improves palatability, flavor, texture, and and energy levels
• Can increase milk production and aids in fattening of meat
animals
• As carriers of fat-soluble vitamins
Nutrient Classes
• Roughages
• Dry
• Timothy hay, bromegrass, alfalfa, soybean hay
• Green
• High moisture content
• Sugar beets
• Silage
• Storage and fermentation of green crops
• Ration
• Very specific proportion of feed to meet specific need
Nutrient Demands
• Concentrates
• Corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, milo
• Grain by-products
• Wheat bran, wheat middlings, brewer’s grain, and distiller’s
grain
• Soybean meal
• Polygastrics can handle more roughages because of
rumen
• Monogastrics need more concentrates
Nutrient Demands