Download Dynatomy Ch 5

Muscles of Movement
Chapter 5
Muscle Names
• Muscles are usually named due to
– visual appearance
• Shape – deltoid, rhomboid
• Size – gluteus maximus, teres minor
• Number of divisions (sections) – triceps
brachii
– anatomical location
• Anatomic regions/references
• Location & Direction of its fibers
– external oblique
– Function/action
Muscle Shape
Deltoid
Pyramidal
Rhomboideus
Trapezius
Orbicularis
Platys
Piriformis
Teres
Pectinate
Serratus
Splenius
Triangular
Pyramid
Rhomboid
Trapezoid
Circular
Flat
Pear
Oblong
Comblike
Serrated
Bandage Shaped
Muscle Size
Vastus
Brevis
Longissimus
Latissimus
Minor
Minimus
Great
Short
Longest
Widest
Smaller
Smallest
Gracilis
Longus
Lata
Magnus
Major
Maximus
Slender
Long
Wide
Large
Larger
Largest
Muscle Location
Anterior
Extrinsic
Externus
Superficialis
Medialis
Lateralis
Inferioris
Transversus
Front
Outside
Superficial
Superficial
Middle
Lateral
Posterior Back
Intrinsic Inside
Internus Deep
Profundis Deep
Medius Medial
Obliquus Oblique
Superioris
Rectus
Parallel
Muscle Location by Region
Anconeus
Capitis
Cervicis
Glosso
Lumborum
OculoPollicis
Elbow
Head
Neck
Tongue
Lumbar
Eye
Thumb
Brachialis Upper Arm
Carpi
Wrist
Costalis Ribs
Hallucis Big toe
Oris
Mouth
Popliteus Back of knee
Thoracis Thoracic
Muscle Names by Action
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Adductor
Abductor
Depressor
Levator
Extensor
Flexor
Rotator
Tensor
Pronator/Supinator
Functional Actions of Muscle
Muscles can be memorized according to their
functional actions. Originations are fixed,
insertions move body segments closer to
Origins.
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Uniarticular – Single joint muscles
Biarticular – Double joint muscles
Triarticular – Triple joint muscles
Multiarticular – Multiple joint muscles
Agonist – Primary movers
Antagonist – Oppose movement
Stabilizers
Hip/Knee
• Flexion/Extension
• Ab & Adduction
• Int & Ext Rotation
Thigh Muscles - Flexion
Name
Origin
Insertion
Psoas major
Lumbar vertebrae
Femur
flexes and rotates thigh laterally & flexes v. column
Illiacus
Ilium
Femur (w. Psoas M.)
flexes and rotates thigh laterally & flexes v. column
Pectineus
Pubis
Femur
flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
Sartorius
Iliac Spine
Tibia
flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
Rectus Femoris
Ilium
Tibia(via Pat. Tendon)
flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
Tensor fasciae latae Ilium
Tibia (IT tract)
flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
Adductor longus
Pubis (+ P. symphysis) Femur
adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
Adductor magnus Pubis & Ischium
Femur
adducts, flexes(ant. fibers), medially rotates and
extends(post. fibers) thigh
Thigh Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Gluteus maximus
Ilium, sacrum, coccyx ITFL & Femur
extends and rotates thigh laterally at hip joint
Biceps femoris
Ischium & Femur
Fibula & Tibia
extension
Semitendinosus
Ischium
Tibia
extension
Semimembranosus Ischium
Tibia
all 3 extension at hip & flexion at knee
Adductor magnus
Pubis & Ischium
Femur
adducts, flexion(Ant.) & extension(post.)
Knee & Thigh Muscles – Add/Abd.
Name
Origin
Insertion
Adductor magnus
Pubis & Ischium
Femur
Adductor longus
Pubis & Pubic sym.
Femur
Adductor Brevis
Pubis
Femur
Pectineus
Pubis
Femur
Pubic symphysis
Tibia
Ilium
Femur
adducts, flexion & extension
adducts & flexion
adducts & flexion
Gracilis
adducts
adducts
Gluteus Medius
abducts
Knee & Thigh Muscles – Rotations
Name
Origin
Gluteus minimus
Ilium
rotates thigh medially
Insertion
Femur
Obturator, Quadratus & Gemellus Groups
rotates thigh laterally
Piriformis
Sacrum
Femur
rotates thigh laterally
Gluteus maximus
Ilium, sacrum, coccyx ITFL & Femur
extends and rotates thigh laterally at hip joint
Knee & Thigh Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Biceps femoris
Ischium & Femur
Fibula & Tibia
Semitendinosus
Ischium
Tibia
Semimembranosus Ischium
Tibia
all 3 flex the leg at knee joint and extend thigh at hip joint
Sartorius
Ilium
Tibia
flexes leg at knee joint-flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates
thigh at hip joint (the leg crosser!)
Knee & Thigh Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Rectus femoris
Ilium
Tibia (via Patella*)
Vastus lateralis
Femur
Tibia (via Patella*)
Vastus medialis
Femur
Tibia (via Patella*)
Vastus intermedius Femur
Tibia (via Patella*)
all 4 heads extend leg at knee joint
Ankle & Foot Muscles
Name
Origin
Tibialis anterior
Tibia
Insertion
Metatarsal & Cuneiform
dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Ext. digit. longus
Tib. & Fib.
Middle and distal phalanges
Peroneus Tertius
Tib. & Fib.
Metatarsal & Cuneiform
Peroneus longus
Tib. & Fib.
Metatarsal & Cuneiform
Peroneus brevis
Fibula
Metatarsal
dorsiflexes and everts foot & extends toes
dorsiflexes and everts foot
everts foot
everts foot
Ankle & Foot Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Gastrocnemius
Femur
Calcaneus
Soleus
Fibula & Tibia
Calcaneus
plantar flexes foot & flexes leg at knee joint
plantar flexes foot
Tibialis posterior
Tibia & Fibula
Meta.’s, navicular,
cuneiforms & cuboid
Tibia
Distal phalanges
inverts foot
Flexor digitorum
plantar flexes foot and flexes toes
Shoulder Girdle – Elev. & Depr.
Name
Origin
Insertion
Pectoralis minor
Ribs (3-5th)
Scapula
depresses scapula; moves it laterally and forward
elevates 3.-5. rib during forced inhalation
Trapezius
Occip., Clav. & Scap. C(7) & Thoracic V
depresses(lower), elevates(upper) and moves scapula
medially and backwards;rotates it upwards; extends
head
Rhomboid major
Thoracic v (2-5)
Scapula
Levator scapulae
Cervical v(1-5)
Scapula
elevates and moves scapula medially and backward
elevates and rotates scapula downwards
Shoulder Girdle – Abd. & Add.
Name
Origin
Insertion
Pectoralis minor
Ribs (3-5th)
Scapula
depresses scapula; protraction and forward
elevates 3.-5. rib during forced inhalation
Serratus anterior
Ribs (upper 8./9.)
Scapula
Trapezius
Occip., Clav. & Scap. C(7) & Thoracic V
Rhomboid major
Thoracic v (2-5)
upward rotation & abduction of scap
"Boxer's muscle"
elevates, retraction(middle), rotates it upwards
elevates and retraction
Scapula
Shoulder Girdle – Up R. & Down.
Name
Pectoralis minor
Origin
Ribs (3-5th)
Insertion
Scapula
depresses scapula; protraction, down. Rotat. and
forward elevates 3.-5. rib during forced inhalation
Rhomboid major
Thoracic v (2-5)
Scapula
Levator scapulae
Cervical v(1-5)
Scapula
Serratus anterior
Ribs (upper 8./9.)
Scapula
Trapezius
Occip., Clav. & Scap. C(7) & Thoracic V
elevates, retraction & down. rotat.
elevates and rotates scapula downwards
upward rotation & abduction of scap
"Boxer's muscle"
elevates, retraction(middle), rotates it upwards
Glenohumeral Muscles – Flex./Ext.
Name
Pectoralis major
Origin
Clavicle, sternum,
cartilage (1-6th ribs)
Insertion
Humerus
Clavicle & scapula
Humerus
adducts, int. rot., flexion(clav.) and extension(ster.)
Deltoid
flexion(ant.), ext.(post.) , abduction(middle), hor.
abd.(mid. & post), hor. add.(ant.)
Latissimus dorsi
Spines of lower 6
Humerus
Thoracic, lumbar
sacrum, ilium, lower 4 ribs
extends, adducts and rotates arm medially
Teres major
Scapula
Humerus
extends arm, adduction and int. rotation
GH Muscles – Add./Abd.
Name
Pectoralis major
Origin
Clavicle, sternum,
cartilage (1-6th ribs)
Insertion
Humerus
adducts, int. rot., flexion(clav.) and extension(ster.)
Latissimus dorsi
Spines of lower 6
Humerus
Thoracic, lumbar
sacrum, ilium, lower 4 ribs
extends, adducts and rotates arm medially
Teres major
Scapula
Humerus
Deltoid
Clavicle & scapula
Humerus
extends arm, adduction and int. rotation
flexion(ant.), ext.(post.) , abduction(middle& ant.),
hor. abd.(mid. & post), hor. add.(ant.)
Supraspinatus
Scapula
Humerus
assist deltoid muscle in arm abduction
GHMuscles - Rotations
Name
Latissimus dorsi
Origin
Insertion
Spines of lower 6
Humerus
Thoracic, lumbar
sacrum, ilium, lower 4 ribs
extends, adducts and rotates arm medially
Teres major
Scapula
Humerus
Subscapularis
Scapula
Humerus
Infraspinatus
Scapula
Humerus
Teres minor
Scapula
Humerus
extends arm, adduction and int. rotation
rotates arm medially
ext. rotation
rotates arm laterally;
GH Muscles – Hor. Ab/Ad
Name
Pectoralis major
Origin
Clavicle, sternum,
cartilage (1-6th ribs)
Insertion
Humerus
Clavicle & scapula
Humerus
adducts, int. rot., flex.(clav.) /ext.(ster.) & H. Add.
Deltoid
flexion(ant.), ext.(post.) , abduction(middle& ant.),
hor. abd.(mid. & post), hor. add.(ant.)
Infraspinatus
Scapula
Humerus
Teres minor
Scapula
Humerus
ext. rotation & hor. Abd.
rotates arm laterally & hor. Abd.
Arm Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Biceps brachii
Scapula
Radius flexes and supinates forearm at
elbow joint, flexes arm at shoulder joint & supinates
Brachialis
Humerus
Ulna
flexes arm at elbow joint
Brachioradialis
Humerus
flexes arm at elbow joint in full can(hammer curl) position
Radius
Triceps brachii
Scapula & Humerus
Ulna
[ 3 origins --> long (scapular), lateral, medial head ]
extends forearm at elbow joint & shoulder joint
Supinator
supinates forearm
Humerus & Ulna
Pronator teres & Quad Humerus & Ulna
pronates forearm = turns palm down- or backward
Radius
Radius
Wrist Muscles
Name
Origin
Insertion
Flexor carpi radialis
flexes and radially flexes
Humerus
Metacarpals
Flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and ulnar flexes
Humerus & Ulna
Pisi,ham&mc
Ext. carpi radialis (both)
extends and radially flexes
Extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and ulnar flexes
Humerus
Metacarpal
Humerus & Ulna
Metacarpal
Core Muscles
Name
Origin
Rectus abdominis Pubis & Pubic symphysis
flexes vertebral column & compresses abdomen
Insertion
Rib cartilage
External oblique
Lower eight ribs
ilium
flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen, lat. flex. & opposite rotation
Internal oblique
Iliac crest
Rib cartilage
flexes, compresses abdomen & bends laterally and rotates it same side
Erector Spinae
Spine
Spine
extension