Download 3. lierature review

LIERATURE REVIEW:
To minimize helminthic diseases with enhancement of animal production or human health
and extension of cost effective technologies to the field. The authors have tried to highlight
areas, which deserve attention for future work and need attention of parasitologists, the
same is still relevant in solving helminthic problems. Agrawal M. C. et al., (2007)
Redescribetion of Lucknowia fossilisi on the basis of new material collected in west Bengal
and voucher specimens from Maharashtra, India. The stinging catfish
eteropneustes
fossilis has been reported to harbour as many as 19 species of caryophyllidean tapeworms
( Cestodes ) Anirban A. et al., (2011)
The new species under Davainea as D. retharei n. sp. with having the distinct characters.
Five specimens, of the cestode parasites, were collected from the intestine of Streptopelia
decaocto (frivaldoszky), at Rethare Budruk, Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara, (M.S). India, in the
month of February, 1991. Bhaware R. N. et al., (1992)
The L. alii n. sp. of cestode parasite. The worm under discussion differs from other
cestode parasites. The name L. alii n. sp. is proposed in honour of Dr. Syed Mehdi Ali, Ex
– professor and Head, Deptt. of zooloay, M.U. Aurangabad, who has contributed a lot in the
field of elminthology. Bhaware R. N. et al., AGosto (1992):
The author focused on the observation of
hematological parameters in Gallus gallus
domesticus which is naturally infected with cestode parasites Cotugnia diagnopora. The
hematological parameters of infected birds shows high infection cause macrocytic anemia,
lymphocytosis, due to defficiency of related factors. Bhure D.B. et al., (2011)
Determination of pathological study of parasitism in racing pigeons with an indication of its
effects on community health. Therefore, it is advisable to develop a preventative worming
program in which all birds are wormed at least twice a year. The use of mask and cap for
pigeon owners could protect them from the allergic reaction. Bahrami et al., (2012)
The investigation of seasonal infestations of Caryophyllaeid cestode in Clarias batrachus of
mymensingh. Host fish were collected from fish markets and different sources of water
bodies for examination. Five species were recorded and percentage of infestation was
85.75 with 7.37 parasite per infested host . The highest prevalance was observed in winter
season & the lowest was in rainy season. Chhanda M. S. et al., (2011)
T he collected 5 species of cestodes, 4 of which are reported from Potamotrygor motoro
and from the pantanal region of Brazil for the first time and 1 of which is described here as
a new species. Daniel et al., (1992)
Reported new records of
cestodes from wild pigeon and domestic chicken in Saudi
Arabia. Cestode infections were found in the small intestines. They find R. perplexa in
Columba livia is new host record. The species of genus Rallietina are parasites of major
clinical importance for poultry and their records in Saudi Arabia are therefore important
from veterinary point of view. Dehlawi M. (2006)
This communication deals with ecological studies of cestode parasites of some marine
fishes along the Raigad coast (M.S.) India. The study highlights at establishing the
magnitude of parasitization in different fishes as well as
quantifying the host specificity of
the parasites and their fish host. This study has revealed that out of
8 fishes examined
only 5 species were infected with parasites. Dongare V. et al., (2009)
Studied the antiparasitic
activity of methanolic extract of Acacia against the cestode
parasite. The crude methanolic extract was tested invitro on the cestode parasite Raillietina
echinobothrida to evaluate its potential anthelminthic efficiency. The adult parasite collected
from the
intestine of freshly sacrificed domestic fowl. The worm were
incubated in
different concentrations of crude extract with a final volume of 10 ml .Three replicates were
used as control, methanol and praziquantel. Paralysis was recorded in which no visual
movement and no physical stimulation. Death of worms was acertained by dipping them in
worm PBS (Physiological Buffered Saline), which induced movements in the live worms.
Dasgupta et al., (2010)
Determination of endoparasite and ectoparasites in Matebeland north and south from free
range chickens (Gallus domesticus). For intestinal parasites microscopic studies of eggs
and fecal egg counts were done using the salt floatation technique. The birds under study
showed slow growth, poor egg hatching parasites should have contributed substantially to
this poor growth although not single handedly. Dube, S. et al., (2010)
The prevalence, intensity and species of internal and external parasites of native fowls from
Golestan province, north of Iran. The fifteen species of parasites were collected from
alimentary canal, lungs, feathers, and subcutaneous nodules. The frequency distribution of
most species was low. Laminosioptes cysticola is the first host and distribution records for
Iran. Eslami A. et al., (2009):
The prevalence of Cysticercus cellulosae from pig in southern states viz. Andhra Pradesh,
Tamilnadu,
Karnataka
and
Kerala.Conventional
meat
inspection
as
well
as
immunodiagnostic test like Countercurrent Immunoelectropheresis (CIEP) and Enzyme
Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) were used for the determination of porcine
Cysticercosis and its seroprevalence. Detection of porcine cysticercosis by CIEP and
ELISA was higher than the conventional meat inspection in all these states of South India.
Hafeez Md. (2004)
The
endemic
area
E.granulosus
show
an
intraspecies
variation
which
affect
epidemiology, pathology control and prevention of hydatidosis. High prevalence rates have
been reported in domestic animals
including sheep,cattles, camels, and goats. The DNA
extraction was performed by using SDS and proteinase K with CTAB
(Cetyltrimethyl
Ammonium Bromide) and PCR for ITSI fragments was done, isolated, amplified. The
author determines the genotype of larval stage by PCR-RFCP method. Jamali R. et al.,
(2004)
The 9th genotype in human
beings. It is zoonotic parasite, thus
the epidemiology,
diagnosis and control measures of hydatidosis in India are discussed in this article. Juyal
P. D. et al., (2005)
The composition and structure of the helminth community of 15 Helmeted Guinea–fowls in
the Limpopo province, even though small numbers of hosts were available and a larger
sample might have a different outcome. Data on the various helminth species collected
have been presented in companion publication. Junker K. et al., (2008)
Developed vaccines to prevent infection with cestode parasites has concentrated on the
Taeniid Cestodes. He adopted two strategies vaccines against infection in the definitive
hosts and vaccines for use in the intermediate hosts. This article has been reviews the
progress which has been made in vaccination against cestode parasites and prospects for
practical application of these vaccines. Lightowlers M.W. (1996)
Invitro effects of . albendazole on Raillietina echinobothrida, the cestode of chicken, Gallus
domesticus.
It
clearly exhibited
dose–dependent
lethal activity at
the different
concentrations that were tested. Scanning electron mocroscopy (SEM) revealed that the
drug causes extensive
structural alterations on the body surface of the cestode. Severe
contraction and shrinkage were evident throughout the entire length of the body. suckers
became invaginated due to shrinkage. body segments, the proglottids were completely
distorted. The
author investigate, the use of albendazole as a drug of choice in the
management of poultry helminthiasis. Lalchhandama K. (2010 )
The human neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of
Taenia solium. The author use latest
diagnostic
techniques
namely
computed
tomography and magnetic resonance imaging etc have greatly facilitated the quich
diagnosis of this disease. It has been known to be key point for eradication or control of
neurocysticercosis. Malla N. (2000)
The first record of duck helminthes in Tanzania. A survey was conducted to assess the
prevalence of helminthes in free-ranging adult ducks in morogoro municipality Tanzania.
The gastro-intestinal tracts of 192 ducks (96 ducklings and 96 adult ducks) were examined
for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. The further studies on the epidemiology and
importance of worms in the growth and productivity of ducks under free range management
system are indicated. Muhairwa A. P. et al., (2007)
Studied to assess the prevalence of
parasites of domestic pigeons in morogoro
muncipality, Tanzania. 100 nestlings and 100 adult pigeons were examined for the
presence of ecto and endo parasites. 159 pigeons (79.5%) were infected with
gastrointestinal helminthes, 124 (62%) had one or more ectoparasites and 74 (37%) were
infected with haemoparasites. This
study assesses the effectes of the parasites on the
Pigeon’s health and productions. Msoffe et al., (2010)
The author collected 500 gastro- intestinal tract of local and exotic breeds of chickens at
Gwagwalada market, Abuja (FCT), Nigeria and examined for helminth parasites. Six
different gastrointestinal parasites were isolated and identified. parasite
preference in
respect to sex was also recorded. Females harboured more parasites than males. The
author also highlighted significance and socio- economic implications of these parasites.
Matur B.M.et al., (2010 )
They randomly collected from 4 rural localities and processed to detect the presence of
helminth parasites and their prevalences. 16 helminths species comprising 12 nematodes
and 4 cestodes species were recorded from the 4 localities. Prevalence of parasites as
determined by post mortem examination, confirming the limitation of using faecal samples,
counting faecal eggs etc. Mukaratirwa S. , Khumalo M. P. (2010)
This study was conducted to indentify different cestodes infecting pigeons from various
regions in Diyala province- Three genera of cestodes were diagnosed and identified. The
present investigation demonstrated that prevalence with cestodes in pigeons was found to
73%. Nagham (2011)
Farm and desi birds were screened for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Out of
100 desi birds screened, 71 were found positive of gastro-intestinal parasites by gross
examination of gastrointestinal tracts. Out of 71 positive desi birds, 35 (52.2%) were found
positive for cestodes, 23 (34.3%) harbours nematodes and remaining 13 (18.3%) had
mixed infection. However there were no adult helminths and helminths ova was observed in
farms birds Puttalakshmamma G.C. et al., (2008)
The Chauhanellus indicus from Mystus seenghala with greater emphasis on its nervous
system to indicate the pathway of acetylcholine in it. Bromoidoxyl acetate has been used
for first time in India to describe the nervous system of an oviparous monogenean gill
parasite Chauhanellus indicus. Rastogi P. et al., (2007)
Addiion of two new species of the
Valipora, during the survey of cestode parasites of
avian hosts from Maharashtra State. V. marathwadensis species differs from all known
species of the genus in having 10 rostellar hooks, 20 – 32 (29) testes, ovary bilobed and
genital pore at ¼ from anterior end. V. maharastri species having 16 rostellar hooks, 20 –
22 (29) testes, cirrus pouch protruted outside and ovary bilobed with finger shaped acini.
Sonune, M. B. et al., (1990)
The new species Lapwingia
indica at Aurangabad which is distinct from the other
species of the genus Lapwingia in having the scolex oval, medium, distinctly marked,
broader in the middle, tapering at both ends, suckers medium oval, rostellum small oval,
armed with hooks 28 in number. The present communication, deals with a new species of
the genus Lapwingia. Shingare M. D. et al., (1990)
The author deals the redescription of a cestode from birds in Maharashtra, having some
additional characters such as rostellar hooks 90 – 95, testes
30-35, etc. The present
worms are being reported from Bulbul. Shinde G.B. et al., (1990)
The two new species of the genus Sureshia at Aurangabad,India from Macropus affinis.
Sureshia
anandae is distinct from other species of the genus in having
scolex large
globular, rostellum having rostellar sac with 14 hooks. Sureshia maghalaensis are reported
from Micropus affinis at Waghale Dist. Buldhana M. S. Sonune M. B. et al., (1990)
The new species of the genus Lapwingia as L. Shindei n. sp. from myna Aeridotheres
trisrtis at
Aurangabad M.S. India. They have fairly big scolex with distinct constriction.
Shinde G. B. et al., (1992)
The potential of Enzyme Linked Electro Transfer Blot (ELTB) in the diagnosis of
Cysticercus cellulosae infection in pigs. Cysticerus cellulosae causes cysticercosis which
has to be a serious public health problem in India and many other developing countries.
Diagnosis of C. cellulosae infection in pigs is usually being done only on post mortem
examination and conventional meat infection often fails to detect mild cases of the infection
Shreenivasamurthy G. S. et al., (1999)
A new species of
the genus Mongheia turdoidesi from Turdoides malcolmi . It differs
from all known species of the genus with the characters, scolex squarish, rostellum absent,
mature seqments broader than long, testes 20–24 in number, oval and rounded, cirrus
slightly wavy, ovary round to oval,vagina interior to cirrus pouch. Shinde G. B. And Kalse
(1999)
The comparative study on the prevalence of
cestode parasites in
indigenous (59.4%)
and exotic (16.0%) layers in Faisalabad. Cestodes are prime importance in layers, which
inflicts heavy economic losses to the poultry. Shah et al., (1999)
The prevalence of swine cysticercosis and to find out the correlation between the disease
and various epidemiological factors. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 6.35%
among 236 pig carcasses. Prevalence was more in younger pigs, in males, & during post
mansoon seasons. Sharma R. et al., (2004)
Examination of 860 chickens, showed 37 birds showed infestation with different types of
cestode worms with percentage of 4.3%. Raillietina ransomi was the first record in Egypt.
and cestode infestation incidence was recorded in backyard chickens while no infestation
was recorded in broilers. Shahin A.M. et al., (2011)
Erected eight specimens of the parasites from the intestine of Gallus gallus domesticus.
They have different from other species with quadrangular scolex, absence of rostellar
hooks, 63 no. of testes, oval ovary, small oocyte, rounded
postovarian was compared
with other five species and was considered as new species Cotugnia mohekarii. Shukla S.
J. et al., (2012)
The genomic DNA extracted from Cotugnia polycantha from doves and pigeons. Molecular
analysis of the present data showed that C.Polycantha infecting doves differs from that
infecting pigeons. RAPD–PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA– Polymerase Chain
Reaction) techniques has been
reliable for detecting intra- specific genetic variation
between closely similar parasitic members of same species. Sabry E. A. (2012 )
The samples (219 sheep and 165 goats) were collected for qualitative and quantitative
fecal
examinations. The study showed that 93.29% goats and 95% sheep were found to
harbour egg of GIT helminths. The prevalence of GIT parasites are studies in relation to
their sex, age, and species of the animals. Tefera M. et al., (2011)
Investigate thequantitative estimation of carbohydrate metabolism i.e total
glycogen,
pyruvate, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphotase activity
in cestode species of Gallus gallus domesticus. Cotugnia digonopora represents high level
in carbohydrate metabolism, as they were capable of extracting nutrient material from their
host. In this article the
author discuss the role of various factors and significance of
various amount of pyruvate in anaerobic intestinal parasites. Waghmare S.B. (2010)