Download Pharm II - 2-25

SPASTICIT Y
DRUGS
B Y A L A I N A DA R B Y
Which of the following is true of upper motor
neurons?
a. Pyramidal neurons constitute the indirect corticobulbo-spinal tracts
b.Extrapyramidal neurons constitute the direct
corticospinal tract
c. Pyramidal neurons control posture and fine
coordinated motion
d.Extrapyramidal neurons control balance and
coordination
Which of the following is true?
a. Pyramidal neurons are located in the lateral
portion of the posterior horn of the spinal cord
b.Extrapyramidal neurons are located in the lateral
portion of the posterior horn of the spinal cord
c. Pyramidal neurons are located in the lateral
portion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord
d.Extrapyramidal neurons are located in the lateral
portion of the anterior horn of the spinal cord
Injury to which of the following would produce
weakness and increased stretch reflexes?
a. Basal ganglia
b.Cerebellum
c. Spinal cord
d.Non-primary motor cortical areas
Which of the following does not receive input
directly from the brain stem?
a. Cerebellum
b.Spinal cord
c. Thalamus
d.Cerebral cortex
Which of the following does not provide input
directly to the thalamus?
a. Internal globus pallidus
b.Cerebral cortex
c. Brain stem
d.Cerebellum
Which of the following is true of spasticity?
a. It is characterized by velocity dependent
decreases in tonic stretch reflexes
b.It includes exaggerated tendon jerks resulting
from hypoexcitability of the stretch reflex
c. Resistance to stretch increases with increasing
speed and varies with joint angle
d.It is a component of the lower motor neuron
syndrome
Which of the following is a positive symptom of
spasticity?
a. Babinski reflex
b.Paresis
c. Fatigability
d.Fine control
Mary is trying to stretch out her arm but can’t
because her bicep remains tight. Which form of
spasticity would this be considered?
a. Spastic dystonia
b.Spastic co-contraction
c. Extra-segmental co-contraction
d.Muscle shortening
Bill has developed a spastic foot deformity. Which
of the following types of spasticity likely
contributed to his deformation?
a. Spastic dystonia
b.Spastic co-contraction
c. Extra-segmental co-contraction
d.Muscle shortening
Which of the following is caused by immobilization
and muscle overactivity?
a. Spastic dystonia
b.Spastic co-contraction
c. Extra-segmental co-contraction
d.Muscle shortening
Which of the following is not one of the most
disabling features in spastic patients?
a. Muscle shortening
b.Motor weakness
c. Muscle atonia
d.Spastic co-contration
Which of the following tracts is not involved in
spasticity?
a. Laterorospinal
b.Rubrospinal
c. Reticulospinal
d.Vestibulospinal
Which of the following is not an established
alteration within the reflex arc?
a. Increased ratio torque
b.Increased excitability of the alpha motor neuron
c. Decreased extensibility
d.Decreased pre-synaptic inhibition
Which of the following is not a result of spasticity?
a. Cardiovascular problems
b.Respiratory infections
c. Liver toxicity
d.Osteoporosis
Margret has painful spasticity resulting from a
stroke and also has a history of anxiety. Which of
the following would be most likely to help her?
a. Tizanidine
b.Baclofen
c. Riluzole
d.Dantrolene
Sara has stopped taking the medicine for her
spasms but is now experiencing seizures and
hallucinations. Which medication was she most
likely taking?
a. Gabapentin
b.Baclofen
c. Cyproheptadine
d.Cannabinoids
Which of the following may be taken with any of
the other answer options without potentiating
sedation?
a. Tizanidine
b.Diazepam
c. Gabapentin
d.Baclofen
Which of the following is an alpha-2 noradrenergic
agonist?
a. Tizanidine
b.Baclofen
c. Gabapentin
d.Riluzole
Amber is taking amlodipine for her high blood
pressure and has spasticity resulting from multiple
sclerosis. Which of the following would be best for
her to take?
a. Baclofen
b.Tizanidine
c. Diazepam
d.Cyproheptadine
Which of the following acts only postsynaptically?
a. Tizanidien
b.Diazepam
c. Baclofen
d.Riluzole
Greg sustained a spinal cord injury playing football
but has since recovered. However, he now has
spasms as a result. Which of the following would be
most appropriate for him to take?
a. Baclofen
b.Gabapentin
c. Riluzole
d.Orphenadrine
Which of the following is used to treat spasms
resulting from stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord
injury, and cerebral palsy?
a. Gabapentin
b.Dantrolene
c. Baclofen
d.Diazepam
Dan is starting physical therapy. Which of the
following agents could be useful in these sessions?
a. Dantrolene
b.Cyproheptadine
c. Orphenadrine
d.Botulinium toxin
Which of the following is used to treat ALS by
inhibiting glutamate transmission?
a. Riluzole
b.Orphenadrine
c. Gabapentin
d.Dantrolene
Which of the following is used off label for spasms
but exhibits few side effects?
a. Cyproheptadine
b.Orphenadrine
c. Botulinum toxin
d.Cannabinoids