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Meteorology is the…
The science that studies the
Earth’s atmosphere, weather and
weather conditions.
Meteorologists are people
who study weather!
On our planet, we have many
different types of weather!
Different countries, states, and
continents have different weather.
• If it’s raining in New York, it may be sunny in
California!
• Or snowing in Antarctica!
World Map
What exactly is weather?
• The weather is the state of the atmosphere
(or air) at any time, including things such as
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temperature
precipitation
cloud cover
air pressure
Temperature is how hot or cold the
air is.
• Temperature can be measured with a
thermometer!
• Temperature is measured in degrees on
the Fahrenheit or Celsius scale
C
F
In the United States, we measure
temperature on the Fahrenheit
Scale
The higher the
temperature, the hotter
the air.
The lower the temperature, the
colder the air!
32 F and below is
freezing weather
0 F and below is
freezing weather
Now that we know how to measure
how hot or cold the air is….
• We can begin to see how different types of
weather are formed.
The Earth we live on is a spinning
ball. It orbits.
• When the earth spins, the air around it
moves too.
Cool air is very heavy, so it falls.
• Warm air is
very light,
so it rises.
When air
moves, we
call it wind.
When hot and cold air mix and
push together, it makes wind!
• When it moves
slowly, it is just
a little windy.
• When it moves
fast, it can be
very windy!
Wind is very important for us.
• Birds use wind to help them fly.
Plants use wind to carry their
seeds.
We use wind to fly kites
• To sail boats
• And to power electricity.
Wind can move clouds.
• It can make waves.
• It can also make trees bend!
You can measure how fast the wind
is blowing
• Or can tell which direction it is blowing in.
Do Now
Outline the steps of the Water Cycle. Explain
what is Transpiration.
Have you ever…
• Been in a Hurricane?
• Have you ever seen a Hurricane take
place?
• What hurricanes have you heard of?
Hurricane Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f45jA
5UxB0
Hurricanes are very violent storms
that have whirling or rotating
winds. .
• Hurricanes usually form over the Atlantic
ocean, but they can move.
In a Hurricane, warm air and cool
air are moving and making wind.
• The fast moving air
begins to spin like
a tornado.
• When the winds of
a tropical storm
reach 74 mph,
then the storm is
classified as a
hurricane
Hurricanes usually only form in the
summer and early fall months. They
need a lot of warm, moist air to
form.
• This is called Hurricane season.
The center of the hurricane is a
calm part called the eye.
• The winds spin around this eye
• “The eye of the storm.”
When a hurricane travels to land, it
loses it warm air, and begins to
lose its strength.
• Eventually, it will die out.
Hurricanes can be very dangerous.
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The strong winds can damage
Homes
businesses
roads and bridges
Hurricanes are named after men
and woman!
• The male and female names alternate with each
hurricane.
• The list follows a simple system. The first storm
of the year is named after the first name on the
list. The list is alphabetical. In 2005, the first
storm was Arlene. The next storm started with
the letter B. It was named Bret. All of the letters
are used except for Q, U, and Z.
• The list for 2005 was used again in 2011
If a storm was really bad, that
name is not used again. For
example, there will not be another
hurricane Andrew.
• Andrew cost a lot of money. It was the
costliest hurricane of all time. It hit in 1992
and destroyed areas in Florida. Andrew
had winds over 156 miles per hour! It cost
$26.5 billion to fix the damage. The name
Andrew has been replaced with Alex on
the list.
Hurricane Katrina was also a very
damaging storm.
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana,
Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama!
• New Orleans, Louisiana experienced the
worst damage.
In New Orleans, there are levees in
oceans that keep water off the land.
• The winds of Hurricane Katrina broke
those levees and the streets of New
Orleans flooded.
Many people died in Hurricane
Katrina.
• If they did survive, they lost their homes.
New Orleans is still trying to rebuild
homes and schools for people.
• Hurricane Katrina was so damaging, that
her name will not be used again!
Today, the National Weather
Service have people watching the
weather.
• We can be warned of any dangerous
storms.
Know the lingo…
• A hurricane watch means that a hurricane
is possible within 36 hours in a given area.
• A hurricane warning means that a
hurricane is expected within 24 hours in a
given area.
If a very bad storm looks as though it is
approaching, officials will tell residents to
evacuate to a shelter!
A tornado is a violent, column-like
system of rapidly-rotating air that is
in contact with the ground.
Tornados usually only last a few
minutes.
• Then they are done.
• However, they can be VERY destructive!
• And even deadly!
Tornadoes form in thunderstorms.
• Tornadoes can form at any time of the year.
• Tornado season is usually from March to
August.
Just like with Hurricanes,
weathermen will let us know when
there is a dangerous tornado near
us.
A tornado watch means that tornadoes may form
in the area.
A tornado warning has formed in the area! Find
shelter immediately!
Tornadoes usually occur most in
Tornado Alley.
DURING A TORNADO: Go to a
basement.
• If you do not have a basement, go to a
room without windows on the lowest floor
such as a bathroom or closet. If you can,
get under a sturdy piece of furniture.
• Do not try to outrun a tornado in your car,
leave it immediately. If you’re outside, go
to a ditch or low lying area and lie flat in it.
• Crouch down on your knees and protect
your head with your arms.
Do Now
• What is a Watershed?
• How could contaminants from your
community affect a river basin that is miles
away?
Estuary
• A partly enclosed coastal body of brackish
water with one or more rivers or streams
flowing into it, and with a free connection
to the open sea.
• Estuaries form a transition zone between
river environments and maritime
environments.
• List 3 facts that supports an estuary being
home to a diverse population of animals
and plants.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS86D
5PpiCs
Earth has a small amount of water.
So, that water keeps going around.
This cycle is made up of a few
main parts:
•evaporation
•Condensation
•Precipitation
•collection
Evaporation is when the sun heats
up the water and makes steam.
• The steam leaves the water and goes into
the air.
Condensation is when water steam
in the air gets cold and changes
back into liquid, forming clouds.
Precipitation occurs when so much
water has condensed that the air
cannot hold it anymore.
• The clouds get heavy and water falls back
to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet
or snow.
When water falls to the earth, the
oceans and land collects it again,
the sun heats it, and the cycle
happens all over again!
A cloud is a large collection of very
tiny droplets of water or ice
crystals.
• Clouds form during condensation.
There are many different kind so
clouds.
• Clouds are defined by both the way they
look and how high they are in the sky.
• When clouds are by the ground we call
them fog.
Cirrus clouds are the most
common of the high clouds.
• These clouds are highest in the sky.
• They are long white wisps.
• Cirrus clouds are usually white and predict
fair to pleasant weather.
These clouds
usually means
that a change in
the weather will
occur within 24
hours.
Cirrostratus clouds are thin, sheetlike
that often cover the entire sky.
• They are so thin that the sun and moon
can be seen through them.
• They are also high clouds.
These clouds
usually come
12-24 hours
before a rain or
snow storm.
Cirrocumulus clouds appear as
small, rounded white puffs that
appear in long rows.
• Cirrocumulus clouds are usually seen in
the winter and indicate fair, but cold
weather.
Altostratus clouds are gray or
blue-gray.
• They are in the middle of the sky.
• The clouds usually cover the entire sky.
• These clouds mean that snow or rain are
about to come!
Altocumulus clouds are mid level
clouds and look like gray puffy
masses.
If you see
altocumulus
clouds on a
warm, sticky
morning, be
prepared to see
thunderstorms
late in the
afternoon.
Stratus clouds are uniform grayish
clouds that often cover the entire
sky.
• Light mist or drizzle sometimes falls out of
these clouds.
Stratocumulus clouds are low,
puffy and gray.
Nimbostratus clouds form a dark
gray, wet looking cloudy layer
• When you see these clouds, rain or snow
will fall!
Cumulus clouds are white, puffy
clouds that look like pieces of
floating cotton.
Cumulonimbus clouds are
thunderstorm clouds!
• The cloud usually points in the direction
the storm is moving.
Certain clouds produce thunder…
• But lightning leads to thunder.
What exactly is lightning?
• Lightning is a giant
spark of electricity
flashing through the
sky.
• It heats the air so
much and so quickly
that we can see hot
air!
When lightning strikes, the air
becomes very hot.
• That hot air bumps into the cooler air
around it.
• It bumps so hard, that it makes a
cracking sound!
• This is thunder!
Thunderstorms can occur yearround and at all hours..
• But they are
most likely to
happen in the
spring and
summer months
and during the
afternoon and
evening hours.
Thunderstorms can be dangerous.
• The thunder itself is not dangerous, but
the lightning that comes with it can be.
If you hear the
sound of
thunder, then
you are in
danger from
lightning
If you hear thunder, then you need
to go indoors or get into a car.
• Don't be outside, where
lightning could strike!
• If there is no shelter
around you, stay away
from trees!
• Stay out of water,
because it’s a great
conductor of electricity.
If you are indoors during a thunder
and lightning storm…
• Do not shower or take a bath!
• Do not use a corded telephone. Lightning
may strike exterior phone lines.
• Do not use electric equipment like
computers and appliances during a storm.
• Stay away from windows and doors and
stay off porches.
If someone is struck by lightning…
• They could be seriously hurt!
• You should call…
• 911
Sometimes, during or after it
rains…
• You might see a Rainbow!
What makes a rainbow?
• The sun shines through the raindrops
• The water drops act like a prism, making
colors the drop!
To see a rainbow, you must have
the sun behind you and rain falling
in front of you.
• Sunlight looks white, but it is really made
up of many colors.
The colors of the rainbow stand for
ROY G. BIV
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Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
violet
Sometimes you might hear people
say…
• That there is a pot of gold at the end of the
rainbow!
• But, that is just pretend.
Different countries, states, and
continents have different weather.
• If it’s raining in New York, it may be sunny in
California!
• Or snowing in Antarctica!
World Map
Most southern states are usually
sunny, while most northern states
are usually cold and snowy!
Weathermen and women on the
news predict the weather for us in
our state….
• And also tell us the weather in other
states.