Download If there is time left

If there is time left
Different categories for different
word-classes
► NOUNS
– number, possession
► VERBS – tense, person, participles
► ADJECTIVES – comparison
► PRONOUNS – number, (remnants of) case,
gender, possession
► ADVERBS – comparison
► ARTICLES, PREPOSITIONS, etc. are not
subject to such morpho-syntactic changes
Nouns
1. Most nouns in English form their plural by adding –s.
The –s is pronounced differently depending on the final
sound of the noun in the singular.
boys
/z/
bags
/z/
parks
/s/
If the last sound of the noun in the singular is /s, ʃ, ʧ, ks, ʒ,
ʤ/, -s is pronounced /ɪz/ and –es is added in writing..
wishes /ɪz/
2. Nouns ending in a consonant + y, form their
plural as follows:
y → i + es
baby + s = y → i + es = babies
lady + s = y → i + es = ladies
BUT keys, surveys, etc.
3. Twelve nouns ending in –f (-fe): calf, half,
knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife,
wolf, form their plural as follows:
f(e) → v + es /vz/
calf + s = f(e) → v + es = calves /vz/
knife + s = f(e) → v + es = knives /vz/
4. Nouns ending in –o, form their plural by adding –es.
tomatoes
potatoes
BUT nouns that are of foreign origin or belong to musical
terminology, just add –s in the plural.
photos
kimonos
pianos
sopranos
5. Some nouns have no plural form and they can take
either a singular or a plural verb:
fish (and all names of different kinds of fish)
sheep
deer (and all animals that are hunted do not have
plural forms when used by hunters)
Irregular plurals:
man
woman
ox
child
brother
foot
tooth
goose
mouse
louse
men
women
oxen
children
brethren
feet
teeth
geese
mice
lice
PRONOUNS
Subject
Possessive I
Possessive II
Object
Reflexive
I
you
he
my
your
his
mine
yours
his
me
you
him
myself
Yourself
himself
she
her
hers
her
herself
it
its
its
it
itself
we
our
ours
us
ourselves
you
your
yours
you
yourselves
they
their
theirs
them
themselves
Verbs
infinitive
3rd
person sg
past simple
past
participle
present
participle
regul walk
ar beg
love
want
study
walks
begs
loves
wants
studies
walked
begged
loved
wanted
studied
walked
begged
loved
wanted
studied
walking
begging
loving
wanting
studying
irreg buy
ular sing
cut
buys
sings
cuts
bought
sang
cut
bought
sung
cut
buying
singing
cutting
Adjectives
positive
comparative
superlative
tall
big
easy
taller
bigger
easier
the tallest
the biggest
the easiest
beautiful
good
bad
little
much/ many
far
last
more beautiful
better
worse
less
more
farther/ further
later
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
most beautiful
best
worst
least
most
farthest/ furthest
latest/ last
Adverbs
positive
comparative
superlative
slowly
slowlier
slowliest
frequently
more frequently most frequently
well
badly
better
badlier
best
badliest