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Chapter 2-3 Organic Compounds I. Carbon compounds – Organic molecules – macromolecules A. Carbohydrates – Starches and Sugars 1. Sugars – glucose C6H12O6 – monosaccharide Sucrose – table sugar – disaccharide 2. Starch – polysaccharides – glycogen and cellulose B. Lipids – fats, oils and waxes -long hydrocarbon chains (hydrogen and carbon) -saturated vs. unsaturated vs. polyunsaturated fats Saturated = more solid less saturated = more liquid C. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA- store and transmit hereditary information 1. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid a. two chains of nucleotides b. adenine – thymine; cytosine – guanine. c. 5 carbon sugar = deoxyribose sugar 2. RNA- ribonucleic acid a. one chain of nucleotides b. adenine – uracil; cytosine – guanine c. 5 carbon sugar = ribose sugar D. Proteins – amino acid chains (20 different amino acids) - Proteins – help to carry out chemical reactions - Proteins are enzymes and enzymes are proteins
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