Survey
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Excerpts from Baird and Girard Railroad Survey S. C. Rafinesque (1783-1840) • • • • • • French Zoologist, botanist, geologist Erratic genius Moved to US (Kentucky) Described thousands of species (mostly plants) Proposed new classification systems Described a number of prominent genera: – Notropis – Pomoxis – Noturus – Hypentelium – Aplodinotus – Lepomis Notropis rafinesque 1 Louis Agassiz • • • • • • • • • Swiss born, American zoologist. First to propose ice ages Last prominent creationist zoologist Ironically, published volumes on fossil fishes thus paving the way for evolutionary studies of fishes. Moved to the US in 1850’s after publishing Nomenclator Zoologicus, a list of all known genera. Harvard professor of Zoology and Geology Founded Ponikese Marine Lab (precursor to Woods Hole) Founded Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) Student of Cuvier, Adviser to David Star Jordan Apistogramma agassizi David Starr Jordan (1851-1931) • • • • Would describe himself as North Americas greatest ichthyologist President of U of Indiana, Stanford 1372 publications, 645 ichthyological Published “Guide to the study of fishes”, “Days of a man” and “Fishes of North and Middle America” 4 volume set Etheostoma jordani 2 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists • • Founded in 1916, named in honor of Edward Drinker Cope, colleague of Jordan Publisher of journal Copeia since 1913 Nichols, J. T. "Notes on Fishes near New York." Copeia 1 (1913): 4 Carl Hubs • • • • • • • Last collaborator of Jordan Refined Jordan’s North America work 707 publications – Fishes of the Great Lakes Region Developed standard for morphological measurements of fishes Faculty at Scripts Institute of Oceanography Arguably the greatest ichthyologist of the century. Father of Clark Hubbs – current faculty member at U. Texas Pteronotropis hubbsi Gambusia clarkhubbsi 3 Benjamin Leonard Covington Wailes (1797-1862) • • • • Educated at Jefferson College First serious studies of Mississippi fishes Large collection of fossil mollusks (now at LSU) Sent most of his collections to Agassiz at Harvard Report on the Agriculture & Geology of Mississippi 1854 • • • Checklist included 51 marine and freshwater fish species, plus 12 listed by genus (24 taxa of freshwater fishes) List in diary indicates he recognized more species than were listed Work done by Wailes, report published by Agassiz 4 Revealing A Fauna Mississippi in 1860 300 Cumulative Fish Species 250 200 150 100 Wailes 50 19 95 19 85 19 75 19 65 19 55 19 45 19 35 19 25 19 15 19 05 18 95 18 85 18 75 18 65 18 55 0 Collection Year Freshwater/diadromous All fishes Oliver Perry Hay (1846 – 1930) • • • • Replaced Jordan at Butler University Collecting expeditions to MS - in 1880 & 1881 First to describe new species from Mississippi since Wailes - 11 still recognized Many years before any other surveys of MS took place Hybognathus hayi 5 Revealing A Fauna Mississippi in 1880’s 300 Cumulative Fish Species 250 200 150 Hay 100 50 19 95 19 85 19 75 19 65 19 55 19 45 19 35 19 25 19 15 19 05 18 95 18 85 18 75 18 65 18 55 0 Collection Year Freshwater/diadromous All fishes Frances Adine Cook (1889-1964) • • • • 1927 – left graduate studies in ornithology & position at Smithsonian to return to Mississippi Established Mississippi Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Served as Executive Secretary 1933-1958 – Director and Curator of State Museum 1933- invited Samuel F. Hildebrand to work on Mississippi fishes 6 Revealing A Fauna Mississippi in 1930’s 300 Cumulative Fish Species 250 Hildebrand 200 150 100 50 19 95 19 85 19 75 19 65 19 55 19 45 19 35 19 25 19 15 19 05 18 95 18 85 18 75 18 65 18 55 0 Collection Year Freshwater/diadromous All fishes Cook & WPA • • 1935: State Works Project funded statewide biological survey. Resulted in 1959 publication of the first state-wide treatise on Mississippi Fishes – 154 freshwater fish species 7 Revealing A Fauna Mississippi in 1950’s 300 Cumulative Fish Species 250 Cook & WPA 200 150 100 50 19 95 19 85 19 75 19 65 19 55 19 45 19 35 19 25 19 15 19 05 18 95 18 85 18 75 18 65 18 55 0 Collection Year Freshwater/diadromous All fishes Stephen T. Ross • • • • Descendant of Agassiz and Jordan Trained at U. South Florida Compiled second work documenting fishes of Mississippi (Inland Fishes of Mississippi) Initiated cataloging his own collections into the USM Museum of Ichthyology 8 20 2012 2 01 3 20 14 2015 16 Species Lots Specimens 40000 30000 800000 600000 0 Specimens 50000 19 19 87 1988 1989 1990 1 99 1 19 92 1993 1 99 4 19 95 1 99 6 19 97 1998 2099 2000 2 00 1 20 02 2003 2 00 4 20 05 2 00 6 07 Species Lots USM Museum of Ichthyology Growth 1400000 1200000 1000000 20000 400000 10000 200000 0 9 Revealing A Fauna Mississippi in 1970-2004 300 Ross Cumulative Fish Species 250 200 150 Inland Fishes of Mississippi 2000 100 50 19 95 19 85 19 75 19 65 19 55 19 45 19 35 19 25 19 15 19 05 18 95 18 85 18 75 18 65 18 55 0 Collection Year Freshwater/diadromous All fishes Ichthyological Collections • • • • • Large collections in the Southeastern US – Tulane, Northeastern Louisiana U, U of Tennessee, USM, U of Florida Why keep ichthyological collections? Specialist resource: – archival storage – revision studies (library) – genetic analysis? – distribution analysis Ecologist & fisheries scientist resource: – life histories – ageing – vouchering specimens Teaching resource 10