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Chapter 16: How Genes Work Text Vocabulary: Gene Expression Knock-out alleles One-gene, One-enzyme Hypothesis Metabolic Pathway Genetic Screen Messenger RNA RNA Polymerase Transcription Translation Central Dogma Reverse Transcriptase Genetic Code Codon Reading Frame Triplet Code Start Codon Stop Codon Mutation Point Mutation Missense Mutation Silent Mutation Frameshift Mutation Nonsense Mutation Inversion Translocation Deletion Duplication Karyotype Lecture 25/26 “How Genes Work” Review: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) 6.) 7.) 8.) What is a gene? What is gene expression? What is the “one gene, one enzyme” hypothesis? What are examples of genes encoding for functional RNA as final product? What is the triplet code in molecular biology/what is a codon? Why is it considered redundant? What are the start codons? What are the stop codons? What is the central dogma of molecular biology? How did RNA viruses “update the central dogma”? What determines an organism’s genotype? What is phenotype? Do different alleles of a gene differ in DNA sequence? 9.) Define each (and be able to recognize/replicate each on your own): a. Point Mutation— b. Missense Mutation— c. Silent Mutation— d. Nonsense Mutation— e. Frameshift Mutation—
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