Download subjunctive

EL SUBJUNTIVO
Using the subjunctive
CONCEPTO
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Up until now all of the verbs we’ve used have
been in the “indicative” mood.
The indicative mood describes facts, events that
occurred at some point in time (past, present or
future)
In contrast, the subjunctive describes the
speaker’s feelings or attitudes toward an event,
or when the speaker views an event as uncertain,
unreal or hypothetical
EL INDICATIVO Y EL SUBJUNTIVO
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The difference between indicative and
subjunctive moods can be seen in two English
examples.
He catches the bus at 5:00.
 I hope he catches the bus at 5:00.
Indicative
Subjunctive
She studies hard.
 I suggest that she study hard.
Ind.
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Subj.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
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Subjunctive sentences generally contain a subordinate
clause and a main clause.
A clause is a subject and verb combination acting as part of
a sentence.
A subordinate clause begins with a relative pronoun such
as “that” “and can’t stand on its own as a complete thought.
I suggest
Main clause
that she study hard.
subordinate clause.
The subjunctive conjugation is found in the
subordinate clause of a sentence. While the
emotion/desire/uncertainty is expressed in the main
clause.
EN ESPAÑOL
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In Spanish, the subjunctive is used more
frequently than in English.
The indicative is used when the main clause
expresses certainty or knowledge. (facts)
Sé que hablas bien el español.
 Creo que puedes ayudarme.
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The subjunctive is used when the main clause
expresses uncertainty, hope, desire or an
emotion.
Dudo que hables bien el español
 No creo que puedas ayudarme
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PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE VERB ENDINGS
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To form the present subjunctive, add the
following endings.
-AR
Yo hable
 Tú hables
 Él hable
 Nosotros hablemos
 Ellas hablen
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-ER
-IR
coma
comas
coma
comamos
coman
viva
vivas
viva
vivamos
vivan.
YO…
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These endings are added to the “yo” form of the
verb.
Verbs with “irregular yo´s” such as “conocer”,
“traer” and “decir” carry the yo pattern
throughout the subjunctive conjugation.
Conozco
 Traigo
traigamos
 Digo
digas
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conozca, conozcas, conozcamos
traiga, traigas, traigan,
diga, digamos, digan,
STEM CHANGING VERBS
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-ar and –er stem changing verbs undergo the
same change in the subjunctive as in the present
tense.
Piensa
 Entiendo
 Vuelven
 Recordamos
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piense
entiende
vuelvan
recordemos
STEM CHANGING VERBS CONT´D
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In stem changing verbs that end in –ir, e changes
to i (e-ie, e-i) and the o changes to u in the
“nosotros”(and vosotros) form only.
Dormir
 Duerma
 Duermas
 Duerma
Durmamos
Durmáis
Duerman
Mentir
 Mienta
 Mientas
 Mienta
Mintamos
Mintáis
Mientan
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IRREGULAR SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS
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Dar
dé, des, dé, demos, den
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Estar
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén
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Saber
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
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Ser
sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
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Ir
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
PRÁCTICA
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Create a sentence using the main clause “dudo
que” and changing the verbs in the subordinate
clause to the subjunctive.
Dudo que…
Los niños se despiertan temprano
 Elena trabaja mucho
 Alfredo viene antes de las seis.
 Nos dormimos en esta cama.
 Me traes las llaves correctas.
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