Download Health Problems in Pediatric Males

Reproductive Health Problems
in Pediatric Males
Adolescent Reproductive Health
Problems
Penile Problems
• Congenital anomalies are almost always corrected
– in infancy or early childhood
• Hypospadias – most common penile deformity
– Common congenital deformity in which urethra opens
on the underside of the penis or perineum
• Correctible
• Psychological problems dev. during sensitive
growth periods if not corrected
Adolescent Reproductive Health
Problems
• Uncircumcision – dev. problems related to
tight foreskins that cannot retract over the
enlarging glands
– Cause: poor cleaning to area. Risk for frequent
infections exists
• Penile carcinoma
– Associated with HPV type 16 & 18
– Highly transmittable STD in U.S. among males,
cancer is rare
Adolescent Reproductive Health
Problems
• Penile trauma
– Burns or accidental injuries
– Frenulum (fold on lower surface of glans
connecting with the prepuce) is torn after forceful
retraction of the foreskin; unusually rough
masturbation or coitus
– Spontaneous healing occurs
Testicular Tumors
• Not a common condition but are usually malignant
in adolescence.
• Most common solid tumor in males ages 15-34
• A heavy, hard, painless, palpable testicular mass
found located anterior or lateral
• Ultrasonography and direct biopsy are indicated
• Orhiectomy with poss. removal of adjacent lymph
nodes
– Chemotherapy & radiation done if metastasized
• Educate adolescents to perform monthly testicular
self-examination (TSE)
Repro. Health Problems
• Varicocele - a cystic accumulation of blood in the
spermatic cord.
• Characterized by trotuous elongation and dilation
of the spermatic cord superior to the testicle.
• Pt may experience discomfort during sexual
stimulation
• Upon examination, feels like a
“Bag of worms” which significantly
reduces when pt lies down
Epididymitis
• Inflammation of the epididymis caused by
– bacteria or virus –
• Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisseria gonorrhoeae
– chemical irritant - urine
– localized trauma
• Unilateral scrotal pain, redness & swelling.
• Urethral discharge, dysuria,fever, pyuria (pus in
urine)
• TX: analgesics, scrotal support, bed rest, antibiotic
Testicular Torsion
• A condition in which the testicle (normally attached
or encased to the scrotum by a small ligament)
becomes loose, causing twisting of testicles impeding
blood flow.
• Emergency condition, requiring
immediate surgery.
• Results in partial or complete
venous occlusion
• Swollen, acute or insidious pain,
red, warm, edema, N/V &
abdominal pain.
• Crucial in recognizing symptoms
• Must refer to immediate medical evaluation
Health Problems in Pediatric
Females
Adolescent Reproductive
Health Problems
Adolescent Pregnancy
• Rates of adolescent births still remain high in the U.S.
than other developing countries.
• 7 out of 10 adolescent mothers complete high school
but are less likely to to to college.
• The less familiar an adolescent is with her partner, the
less likely it is that they will use contraception during
intercourse.
• Social factors: low socioeconomics, poverty
• Maternal success: participation in programs for
pregnant teens, social support systems and a sense of
control over one’s life.
Adolescent Pregnancy
• Medical aspects.
• Risk for complications exist when there is
a lack of adequate care
– Premature labor, low-birth infants, high
neonatal mortality, iron deficiency anemia,
fetopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor.
• Infants at risk – bacterial infections within
the uterus are associated with early preterm
delivery (<30 wks)