Download Classification of Mental Disorders

Classification of Mental
Disorders
Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
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Why classify mental disorders?
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To describe & communicate symptoms.
You can known information about the
disorder.
Predict treatments.
Formulate theories == research.
Impact social policy.
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History of Classification
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Kraepelin.
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Dementia Praecox == schizophrenia
Manic-depression insanity.
ICD-9; DSM-I; DSM-II
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Medicine == International classification of
diseases and related health problems
Jacques Bertillon = causes of death
ICD
WWII
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DSM
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Issues = American Psychiatry
The Diagnostic Project
Stengl
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Criticisms of psychiatric classification
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1950s and 1960s – reliabiliy issues
Masserman & Carmichael (1938)
Ash (1949)
Beck (1962)
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The Antipsychiatry Movement
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Szasz (1961)
Rosenhan (1973)
Neo-Kraepelinians (1970s)
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DSM-III (1980)
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Categorized patient on 5 dimensions
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I symptom picture
II personality style
III medical disorder
IV environmental stressors
V role impairment
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Vocabulary
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Etiology
Pathogenesis
Vulnerability
Risk Factor
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Variables that impact psychopathology
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Case histories
Clinical observation
Experimental research
Problem?
Ecology of development.
Structures within a society.
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Biophysical Influence on Development
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What influences personality?
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Defects
Lesions
Neurotransmitter profile
Genetics
Stress?
Evolutionary theory
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Genetics
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Nature versus nurture controversy
Genetic factors
Phenocopies – a condition or characteristic
usually genetic in origin that is simulated by
environmental factors.
Example: Schizoid personality.
More on genetics.
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Genetics & Behaviorists
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Example: Schizotypal personality.
Temperment seen in children.
Behaviorists view
Classical conditioning & operant conditioning
Modeling
Generalization and discrimination
Extinction of adaptive behaviors
Insufficient learning
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Interpersonal development
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Attachment
Development of interpersonal autonomy
Self-image
The role of parents
Parenting styles
Sociocultural influences in development
Achievement and competition
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Research Strategies for studying
psychopathology
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Why can’t we just use our clinical experience?
Research designs
Example: Schofield & Balian (1959)
Case study methodology.
Issues with cause & effect in psychopathology
research.
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Meehl (1977)
Gottesman (1991)
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Research Strategies
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Experimental vs. Quasi-experimental designs
Cause-and-effect
Experiments of nature
Wood, Bootzin, Rosenhan, Nolan-Hoeksema, & Jourden (1992)
Analogue experiments
Animal models of psychopathology
Ethical issues
Single-subject experimental designs
A-B-A-B or reversal design
Epidemiological studies
Demonstrating a genetic influence
Sampling
Behavior-Genetic Paradigms
Family Studies
Twin Study Paradigm
Adoption Study Paradigm
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