Download petioles, glandular complete- consisting of four species, although

BLUMEA
36
109-121
(1991)
taxonomic revision
A
of
the Asiatic
genus Pentasacme
(Asclepiadaceae)
M.A. Rahman
Department
of Plant & Soil
&
C.C.
Science, University
Aberdeen
Wilcock
of
Aberdeen,
St. Machar
Drive,
2UD, Scotland, U.K.
AB9
Summary
A
four
complete revision
species.
the variation in
ognized
in the
Wall.
genus Pentasacme
of the Asiatic
and
distribution,ecology,
The
features within
diagnostic
one
genus,
Wight
ex
comparative morphology of
the genus
of which is new, and
one
is shown
species
is
the
given with
genus
is reduced to
a
to the
key
discussed
Two sections
illustration.
by
are
are
and
rec-
synonymy.
Introduction
The rheophytic genus Pentasacme is characterized
borne
on
sides of the axis
alternating
calyx lobes, and beaked pollinia
ly
Asiatic genus
consisting
the Khasia Hills of India,
through
Thailand
Wallich with
Its
(1834).
transferred to
species
question
a
the genus from
the genus in the
genus,
mark
Cynanchum by
western
Spiladocorys,
western
Peninsula. The genus
from
is feminine,
Sylhet (Bangladesh)
not neuter
species,
as
Hong Kong,
Himalaya
(1914-1915)
described
and the
species,
and Hooker f.
and Burma.
one new
species,
most recent
Nepal.
Mazzetti in
1924, is
by
never
Van Steenis
tentative.
esquirolii,
a
been
name
P.
was
P.
synonym
subject
(1981),
to
was
of
were
established by
Contr.
a
Long,
(1853)
already
been
added
third
a
noted the presence of
described
Malay
Penins.
a
monotypic
(1923).
MacGregor
shanense),
from Shan
Grierson &
by
state
a
Another
Leveille
& Smith
(1914)
of Burma,
Long (1982)
used for Chinese elements
by
from
Handel-
stauntonii (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz. The
taxonomic revision (Rahman,
in the absence of
&
which he himself later treated as
pulcherrima by
Cynanchum
Bot. India
(Grierson
also described from China
brachyantha,
to a
complete-
and ?P. stauntonii, de-
(1883)
Heterostemma.
P. shanensis (= P.
addition
The
treated
Ridley (1893)
Malay Peninsula,
and has been transferred
Bhutan and
genus has
P.
Wight's
glaucescens
i in Fl.
synonym of Wallich's Pentasacme caudatum
non -Pentasacme
in
traditionally
?P.
originally
was
Decaisne (1844) from China have
by
a
Himalaya, Nepal, Bhutan,
Handel-Mazzetti (1936). Bentham
from the
petioles, glandular
Burma, southern China, and Hong Kong
Bangladesh,
Malay
species
the presence of lateral cymes
species, although previously eight species
distributed from the
two non-Pentasacme
scribed with
to
two
gender
1982). The
the
to
by
the nodes between the
with medianattachment to caudicles. It is
of four
recognized (Airy Shaw, 1973),
at
revision
species
1990a) and,
distinction is
as
noted
more or
less
110
BLUMEA
VOL.
No.
36,
1991
1,
A critical examination of all the available materialof Pentasacme,
in ABD, BM,
is
four
represented by only
belongs
the
to
that
describing
be
species
and that the material of P.
species,
as
from
P. caudatum Wall,
Wight.
now
enable
to
possess
championi
Bentham
mentioned that "it may
Hong Kong,
well with those described by Decaisne for
materials than I
ex
of P. caudatum, but the floral characters do
variety
a mere
species
same
including types,
K, K- W, L, and P showed that the genus
CAL, CGE, DACB, E,
to
possibly
prove
to
sufficiently
agree
of the variations of the
judge
while
unite them, without better
me to venture to
me
not
Benth.
(1853),
Sylhet
plant."
Some
as
to
long
from China and
specimens
their leaf
and habitat
morphology
indicates that
have
they
scales in all these
the
strikingly
similar to that
specimens
correct name
in
family
tropical
and that these
pendulous (not erect) pollinia
attached
are
for these
the
to
do
specimens
being investigated
Asia (Rahman & Wilcock,
not
be-
specimens
should
specimens
In addition, the coronal
the staminal column and
to
is
Asclepiadeae.
Benth.
championi
species,
this genus, however. Close examination of the flowers of these
be transferred from the Marsdenieae
la. The
identified as P.
Hongkong,
are
1989a, 1989b,
not to
part of
as
the corol-
our
study
of
1990).
PENTASACME
Pentasacme
Fl.
Wall,
species:
Wight, Contr.
ex
Penins.
Malay
or
branching
Trans. Linn.
dular within
to
with
the
the
at
long
right
ser.
or
at
glands
II,
3
present
the nodes,
(1893)
on
Fl. Brit India 4
Sinic.
narrow
63
(1883) 28; Ridley,
(1977)
413.
—
herbs. Stems
at
the
junction
of
bracts
mostly slender,
ovate-elliptic, acuminate,
petiole
southern China
acute,
glabrous, glan-
Corolla campanulate; tube very short; lobes ovate-acumi-
apices
Corona
or
oblong-lanceolate,
cup-shaped
or
anthers
tip obtuse, glabrous, overlapping
reduced
to
scales, adnate
to
the corolla
fleshy, tips membranous; stigma sessile,
slender, terete, glabrous. Seeds with
a
-
The genus is distributed
throughout
the
western
and Bhutan, and the Khasia Hills of India,
including Hong Kong,
and
through
Himalayan region
Bangladesh, Burma,
Thailand
to
the
Malay
and
Peninsula
-
The genus Pentasacme has
a
unique ecology
within the
family Asclepi-
adaceae. The species inhabit damp rock ledges in waterfalls, moist banks, and
genus
tuft of
6).
Ecology
and
Cymes
Flowers white, small
glabrous.
tip
and lamina.
glabrous; peduncles
end.
including Nepal
beds,
Type
332.
alternate sides of the axis,
mm); pedicels filiform;
angles.
in bud.
Distribution
3 &
f.,
beaked. Pollinia beaked, with median attachment to caudicles, erect, soli-
at one
(figs.
Hook,
Reip. Pop.
Wight.
tary in each anther loculus. Follicles
hairs
Fl.
rheophytic, perennial
tube. Staminal column very short;
conical
Li,
lobes ovate-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate,
large. Calyx
nate
than 2
(less
ex
(1834) 60;
&
from the base. Leaves linear-lanceolate or
umbelliform, solitary
very short
Soc.
sometimes pendulous,
nearly
base cuneate, subsessile,
or
BoL India
(1923) 383; Tsiang
Pentasacme caudatum Wall,
Spiladocorys Ridley,
Erect
2
are
impose
rheophytic.
The
marked effects
peculiar
on
environmental conditions
leaf form. The leaves
are
occupied
distinctly
stream
by
this
thin and, when
M.A. Rahman
dry,
elliptic
ovate-elliptic
or
moist conditions, while the
in
perennials
erect
Revision
stream
leaves
with
species
beds
or
found
are
long
Stems
—
Pentasacme
sparsely hairy
are
species
in very
linear or linear-lanceolate leaves live
as
MORPHOLOGY
have
species
stems
and branched
long
cm
stems, but those of P. shanensis
glabrous
the nodes, while the
at
within the genus,
hanging perennials
occur
as erect or
111
Pentasacme
slender and about 30-60
stems are
from the base. Two
Asiatic
waterfalls.
COMPARATIVE
nearly
of
Linear and broader leaved forms
fragile.
very
with
& C.C. Wilcock:
of P.
pulcherrima
are
pubescent
all
over.
Leaves
sis
they
There
—
long,
are
distinct
are two
narrow
types
cies, P. pulcherrima and P. wallichii, they
Inflorescences
—
of leaves. In P. caudatum and P. shanen1 &
linear-lanceolate (figs.
or
Inflorescences
are
whereas in
2)
interpetiolar,
a
specific
other spe-
two
4&
elliptic-ovate (figs.
are
5).
character of
asclepiads
(Nolan, 1969), and borne on alternate sides of the axis. Nolan showed that the apical
dome of
and
a
functional apex
unequal accounting
associated with
of the
bifurcates
Asclepias syriaca
continuing
stem
not
to
of the
the
gives
the
impression
of
are
inflorescence from
being
short
than
1 cm)
one
be
or
are
apex
slightly
are not
Nolan, the branching
to
sympodial
systems of
and in the fresh
clearly non-axillary
alternate. Pedicels
(less
to
These bifurcations
according
expected monopodial
The inflorescence, therefore, is
Peduncles of P. caudatum
to an
peduncle.
and therefore,
organs
conform
rise
giving
the other. The bifurcation appears
displacement
subtending
does
angiosperms.
material
for the
on
very short (1-2 mm).
whereas
they
are
longer (1-3
cm) in the other three species. Each peduncle of P. pulcherrima produces 3-5 pedicels, but these
Flowers
—
Flowers
vation in bud.
1)
than 5 in the other three
are more
Calyx
are
5-merous and
lobes free,
species.
radially symmetrical
glandular
within
at
the
with imbricate aesti-
angles,
and of
two
ovate-acuminate in P. caudatum, and 2) ovate-lanceolate in the other three
Corolla white with
P. caudatum, and
Corona
types of
—
types of lobes: ovate-acuminate with long
two
The
corona are
corona
corona
is
is corollin in
origin
(fig. 2c)
variable in
largely
and P. wallichii
fleshy
&
structure.
and
in
5).
Two
cup-shaped
the base of the corolla tube, but in the other spe-
at
represented only by
five separate scales borne
the lobes. The coronal scales in P. caudatum
pulcherrima
and
apices
narrow
species (figs. 1, 2,4
present in Pentasacme. In P. shanensis it is
with five rounded lobes
cies the
in the three other
oblong-lanceolate
types:
species.
they
are
are
on
denticulate (fig.
with either obtuse
(fig. 4c)
the tube between
whereas in P.
lc),
or
acute
(fig. 5b)
tips.
Pollinia
to
—
Pollinia
are ovate to
the caudicles. The variation in
ment
5b).
of the
pollinia
to
Pollinia with beaks
ovate-lanceolate, beaked with median attachment
shape
the translator
at
the
istic of the genus (Rahman,
tips
of the
arms,
pollinia
are
and
shown in
corpuscles,
and median attachment
1990b).
and the attach-
figures (figs, le, 2b,
to
caudicles
are
4d &
character-
112
BLUMEA
VOL.
INFRAGENERIC
Within the
Asclepiadaceae,
distinct groups;
the
species
with
while
describing
subdivision of the genus into
inclined
large
two
two
based
on
sections.
section. The
two
are
in
placed
a new
Section
Leaves linear
lobes less than
Foliis
longis
ellipticis
10
quam
Leaves
lobes
mm
long.
—
vel
mm.
the
we are
section Pentasacme
P.
pulcherrima
readily separable
and
and
elliptic
more
Typus
or
Leaves
or
lobes
more
Stems
long.
elliptic
Pentasacme
latioribus
sectionis:
long.
—
more
than 15
THE
sect.
Floribus
mm.
grandibus;
lobes
4-5
than 10 mm
mm
broad. Flowers
mm
large;
corolla
Wight.
SPECIES
mm
broad. Flowers small; corolla
2
elliptic,
more
than 15
mm
broad. Flowers
large;
corolla
3
long
Pedicels of cymes 0.4-0.8
long.
Iobis corollae
long
or ovate
sparsely hairy
Wight.
Wight.
cm
long.
Corolla lobes 6-8
Coronal scales 5, denticulate
Stems
ex
nov.
Pentasacme wallichii
Type species:
TO
15
wallichii
linear-lanceolate, less than 13
glabrous.
broad. Flowers small; corolla
mm
Pentasacme caudatum Wall,
quam
Pentasacme
elliptic-ovate,
than 10 mm
Leaves linear
1.
Wight
Wallichiana Rahman,
elliptico-ovatis,
—
lobes less than 10 mm
b.
are
Long
already suggested
species,
sections
Wall. ex
Type species:
KEY
2a.
other
linear-lanceolate, less than 13
or
10
Section 2.
b.
readily
group and
described below:
PENTASACME
la.
two
one
leaf and flower size, and
The residual
two
are
in this genus fall in
of Pentasacme, have
includes P. caudatum and P. shanensis. The
P. wallichii,
in the Tribe Marsdenieaeof sub-
flowers in the other group. Grierson &
groups
divide the genus into
to
placed
leaves and small flowers in
narrow
species
a new
1991
1,
species recognized
with broad leaves and
species
(1982),
the
No.
CLASSIFICATION
Pentasacme is
The four
family Asclepiadoideae.
36,
at
1. P. caudatum
the nodes. Pedicels of cymes 2-3
Corona
mm
cup-shaped
cm
long.
Corolla
with 5 rounded lobes
2. P. shanensis
3a.
Stems
b.
Stems
pubescent.
Corolla lobes 20-30
mm
long.
tips
Coronal scales with obtuse
3.
glabrous.
Corolla lobes 10-13
mm
long.
P.
pulcherrima
Coronal scales with
acute
tips
4. P. wallichii
M.A. Rahman
Fig.
1. Pentasacme
coronal
scales;
d.
caudatum
fruits;
e.
& C.C. Wilcock:
Wall,
ex
Wight,
a.
Revision
Habit;
b.
pollinarium((Lamont 464, BM).
of
Asiatic
gynostegium
Pentasacme
and
sepals;
c.
113
corolla
with
BLUMEA
114
Fig.
ing
2. Pentasacme
exserted
stigma,
shanensis
MacGregor
corolla and coronal
VOL.
36,
& Smith,
scales,
and
a.
No.
1,
Habit;
calyx
lobes
1991
b.
pollinarium;
c.
open
((Parkinson 1184, K).
flower
show-
M. A. Rahman
& C. C. Wilcock:
Revision
Asiatic
of
Pentasacme
115
TAXONOMY
Section
1.
Pentasacme caudatum Wall.
Pentasacme
3,
Siam.
2
14,
caudatum
f„
Hook.
627;
1
Wall, ex
Wight,
Fl. Brit. India
4
96.
—
Wight
ex
Contr. Bot. India
List Burma
championi Benth., J.
Sinic.
Reip. Pop.
Waterfall, Champion
A small,
erect
Trans. Linn.
Soc.
2885
63
192
BoL Kew
415.
(1977)
5
acute.
ly
tuse
Calyx
mm
margin denticulate,
Pollinia
ovate.
Gynostegium
-
(BM).
20207
CHINA.
—
(BM), Griffith
2885
Sritamarat,
ma
192
162
Chantaburi,
Ram,
erect
169.
3
(1974) 264;
Leaves almost
glabrous
bracts 2x1
ses-
both sides,
on
ovate-
mm,
above with
filiform
long (6-8 mm)
broad-
fleshy,
than translator
longer
single, slender,
5-7.5
Stigma
arms.
cm
Seeds
long.
both sides.
BANGLADESH.
Asclep.
(K);
Haw
the
to
Bangladesh, Burma,
Malay
same
locality,
75a & 75c
Peninsula
m.
southern
(fig. 3).
Flowering
3839
and
8555
HONG KONG.
—
Lamont 464
s.n.
6361
(BM);
(BM),
—
fruiting
be-
Cherra
Shan,
Mount
same
alt. 4000
punji,
Perak,
Sira
Rimau, 1989, Yapp
(BM);
Dan
Shah
Fan
1344
Maan
(BM).
locality,
Champon, Kerr
Kiah
17666
INDIA.
—
Clarke
ft, 16.6.1952,
(ABD);
(L),
Ts'uen,
C.B.
Econ. Prod.
538
8234A
no.
Hka, Kaul-
Cough, Happy Valley
Hance 720
(CAL); Behover, Reporter on
MacGregor
MacGregor & Smith, Rec.
Type: Burma,
mm
Chem
Herb.
Cat.
BURMA. Tara
Walter
Ind.
11108
Waterfall
31703
Hill,
(BM).
—
Nakawn
(ABD);
(K).
& Smith
—
Fig.
Bot. Surv. India 6
Southern Shan
herb. Stems slender,
short, less than 2
—
(BM, CGE, K, L);
(L);
Wallich
attached,
(BM).
Krat, Takum. Put 2892
Smith 597
not
(E, isotype).
McClure
T.T.
(CCE),Rupchand
Biswas
Sylhet, locality
no.
72172
ft. J.D.H. &
shanensis
shanensis
(1961)
An
on
Thailand
MALAY PENINSULA.
Pentasacme
Pentasacme
Ma-
ovate-acuminate,. Corolla lobes
(BM); Pahang, Sungai Teku, 20.11.68,Mohmd.
Kao
Type:
the staminal column. Anthers with ob-
narrow,
Hainan, Canton,
(L). Assam, Notneng,
THAILAND.
2.
mm,
narrow
exceeding
convex
and Wallich
alt. 2000-4000
—
—
September.
(BM, K); Po-ting,
(BM, CAL).
Fl.
Bangladesh
Gough, Happy Valley
long.
cm,
long, capillary;
1
x
From the Khasia Hills of India,
-
Waterfall, Champion
Ridley
mm
0.8-1
x
Common in forest streams, alt. 0-1300
June and
Mt,
never
Corpuscles
Representative specimens:
30287
4-8
lobes 2-3
Hong Kong through
(BM, CGE, K, K-W)
5562
30-50 cm
glabrous,
almost sessile. Follicle
oblong spathulate,
Ecology
Khasia
Fl. Hainanica
Mount
the corolla tube between the lobes,
Distribution
355
Li,
base,
China and
back
&
Type: Hong Kong,
at
ovate or
Fung
t. 63.
to
c.
(1844)
(K-W, holo; E, K, iso).
(1893) 322,
wide
tips.
tween
Asiatic. Soc.
75
no.
Prodr. 8
DC.,
(1923) 383; Kerr,
Coronal scales 5, adnate
ovate,
obtuse.
2
J.
2
(BM).
(1853) 54; Tsiang
—
herb. Stem slender,
ovate-acuminate,
apices.
Penins.
(K).
margin hairy; pedicels
lanceolate, tips
Bot. 3
II,
ser.
sile, linear-lanceolate, tip acute, lamina 6-9
midrib and
Malay
(1961) 169; Rahman,
lay Peninsula, Perak, waterfall, 1892, Ridley
Fl.
Decne. in
(1834) 60;
Fl.
Type: Bangladesh, Sylhet, Wallich, Asclep.
Spiladocorys angustifolia Ridley,
Pentasacme
1.
Fig.
—
(1883) 28; Ridley,
(1951) 19; Hundley,
(1988)
Pantasacme
(1914) 101; Hundley,
State, MacGregor
glabrous, sparsely hairy
long, pubescent.
2.
Leaves linear,
tip
at
535
List Bur-
(E, iso).
the nodes. Petioles very
acute, lamina 4.5-12
x
0.3-
116
Fig.
BLUMEA
3.
Geographic
distribution of Pentasacme
Gregor &
Smith
0.8
glabrous
cm,
nate
except for the
as
the translator
anthers. Follicles
Distribution
Ecology
ing
-
-
not
4-5
1184
Corona entire,
Pentasacme
alt. 3500
streams
mm.
mm,
Corolla
ad-
cup-shaped, fleshy,
never
the
exceeding
Corpuscles oblong-lanceolate,
mm
long. Stigma
as
exserted above
of mountains, from 0-1100 m alt. Flower-
BURMA. Southern
6239
State, MacGregor
48
535
3000
water, alt.
(K);
Northern
(E); May Myo Dist.,
ft, 2.7.1925, Parkinson
Shan
State,
Niansam
Talis,
(K).
Grierson &
Type: Bhutan, Samdrup
Shan
(K); Laughing
ft, Aug. 1913, English
5846
pulcherrima
pulcherrima
bracts 2x1
1.5-2
August.
ft, 6.7.1912, Lace
Pentasacme
x
fleshy, rounded,
Pollinia globose
Section
3.
long;
cm
(fig. 3).
ft, 28.6.1913, Lace
(K); Mardacey,
1800
mm.
Staminal column c. 2.5
Common in forest
alt. 3500
2-3
seen.
Representative specimens:
alt.
and P. shanensis Mac-
Wight (■)
lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2-3
1.5-2
x
ovate.
arms.
Burma
between June and
Plateau,
1991
1,
caudatum Wall. ex
the base of the corolla tube; lobes 5,
staminal column. Anthers
long
No.
margins; pedicels
Calyx
acute.
oblong-lanceolate,
to
36,
(O).
ovate-lanceolate, tips
lobes
VOL.
Wallichiana
Grierson &
Long,
Jonkhar to
Notes
Long
Roy.
Deothang road,
—
Fig.
4.
Bot. Gard. Edinb.
Grierson
&
40
(1982) 123, fig.
3.
Long 2137 (E, holo; K, iso).
—
& C.C. Wilcock:
M. A. Rahman
Fig.
c.
4. Pentasacme
corolla with
An
erect
pulcherrima
coronal
herb.
Stems
acuminate, lamina 6-13
3-5-flowered; pedicels
tuse.
Calyx
20-30
x
d.
scales,
Grierson
2-4
1-2
cm,
cm
small, oblong,
tip
mm.
long;
anthers. Follicles
not
arms.
seen.
&
bracts 1.5
x
2
broadly
Gynostegium
Asiatic
Habit;
x
mm.
to
gynostegium
b.
117
Pentasacme
and
calyx lobes;
Long 2137, E).
mm
long.
and midrib
Coronal scales adnate
obtuse. Anthers
shorter than translator
a.
of
Petioles 3-7
margin
lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2.5
2.5-3.5
Long.
pollinarium( Grierson
pubescent.
x
&
Revision
1
Leaves
pubescent
mm,
ovate-elliptic,
beneath.
Cymes
ovate-lanceolate, tips ob-
Corolla lobes
oblong-lanceolate,
the corolla tube between the lobes,
acute.
Pollinia
sessile.
ovate.
Corpuscles
Stigma conical,
ovate,
concealed
by
BLUMEA
118
Fig.
5. Pentasacme
stegium;
c.
wallichii
Wight,
a.
VOL.
Habit; b.
pollinarium (Stainton 5476, E).
36,
No.
corolla cut
1,
1991
open
to reveal coronal
scales and
gyno-
M.A. Rahman
Fig.
6.
C.C. Wilcock:
&
distribution of Pentasacme
Geographic
Revision
Asiatic
of
Pentasacme
Grierson &
pulcherrima
Long (O)
119
and P.
wallichii
Wight (■).
Distribution
Ecology
jungle
-
-
Bhutan and
Grierson &
Jonkhar
Samdrup
near
Representative specimens:
Jonkhar,
alt. 550 m,
alL
230 m,
4.
Pentasacme
Pentasacme
Williams
Wight,
&
Icon. Select. Plant.
Fir. PI.
Samdrup
&
Stainton
Wight
Nepal
5
(1846)
(1982) 87; Rahman,
J.
A small
pendulous herb,
acute,
erect or
Asclep.
Petioles 2-4
lamina 5-8
x
mm
1.5-2.5
few-flowered; pedicels 1-1.5
Calyx
cm,
cm
10-13
lobes, small,
x
2-3
never
mm.
x
2137
Hook,
f.,
Decne.
Fl. Brit.
—
8 km
September.
above
Samdrup
NEPAL. Chula
Chuli,
Soc.
in
DC.,
India
Prodr. 8
4
Bangladesh 14,
(1844) 627;
(1883) 28;
2
(1988)
De-
Hara, Enum
97.
Type:
—
(E).
cm
Leaves
slightly
ovate-elliptic, acuminate, tip
nerves
bracts 2x1
mm.
Stems and branches
long.
mm,
Corolla
Coronal scales adnate
exceeding
Deothang road,
(E, holo; K, iso).
(1834) 60;
midrib and
2
shaded steep bank in hot
5.
40-60
long.
to
a
between June and
(BM, K).
Asiatic
74
long;
lobes ovate-lanceolate, 2.5
ceolate,
no.
Flowering
Fig.
87;
t.
Wallich
glabrous.
8499
from
species
Jonkhar
Long
—
Bangladesh, Sylhet,
stout,
alt.
m
Contr. Bot. India
lessert.
3
550
Grierson
wallichii
wallichii
collected this
at
BHUTAN.
21.6.1979,
15.9.1967,
Nepal (fig. 6).
Long
the staminal column,
pubescent
lobes
sub-
Cymes
linear-lanceolate, tips
deeply lobed;
to
beneath.
acute.
oblong-lan-
the corolla tube between the
tip
acute.
Anthers ovate-acumi-
120
BLUMEA
Polliniaovate-lanceolate.
nate.
minal column about 2
shaped,
c.
5.2
cm
Distribution
mm
36,
Corpuscles
long, tapering
at
the
No.
1991
1,
than translator
longer
narrow,
arms.
exserted above anthers. Follicles
long. Stigma
Throughout
-
VOL.
both ends,
slightly
stout, smooth.
of India,
Himalayas
western
Sta-
spindle-
and
Nepal
Bangladesh
(fig. 6).
Ecology
-
and
Flowering
In
clumps
or
Wallich
locality
not
Reid
s.n.
s.n.
(K);
—
Khar
locality
W
NEPAL.
Gad,
8463
(E).
Bazar,
Bheri
(K).
alt.
6500
Sylhet, locality
INDIA. Western
—
(E);
east
Kapkot,
W
21342
glaucescens
(Decne.)
cescens
attached,
of
alt.3500
5476
Stainton
Kumaun:
24687
no.
&
74
Bengal,
near
alt.
Garua,
Winter-Bottom
et al.
239
272
(CAL).
(BM, E);
(E); Barpak, 16.10.88,
Stainton
TAXA
(1844)
627
(1936)
994.
=
E
Sarju Valley,
(CAL, K);
Stainton
Sin. 7
Pentasacme stauntonii Decne., I.e.
water.
Asclep.
(K);
Winter-Bottom
Decne. in DC., Prodr. 8
Hand.-Mazz., Symb.
s.n.
ft, Strachey
&
Kutharpekot, 27.4.1954,
ft, 28.6.1966,
Wallich
Wallich
Himalaya,
(E), Strachey
EXCLUDED
Pentasacme
not
(E), Inayet (Duthie's collector)
Stewart
Khola,
ledges by running
August.
(CGE, E, K, K-W); Sylhet,
Bilkasar 2319
Bim
Valley,
8235
3147
attached,
not
Nepal,
no.
3774
ft, 14.8.84, Duthie
(E);
Jaldi
Cat.
attached, Griffith
4000-5000
and
May
BANGLADESH.
Representative specimens:
(E, holo; K, iso),
from rocks of cliff
hanging
between
fruiting
=
Cynanchum glau-
stauntonii (Decne.)
Cynanchum
Hand.-
Mazz., I.e. 7 (1936) 996.
Pentasacme
esquirolii Ldveild,
Fl.
Kouy-Tcheon
Pentasacme
(1924)
brachyantha
168
=
(1914-15)
3 (1936)
esquiroli (Levi.) Tsiang, Sunyatsenia
43
=
Heterostemma
189.
Hand.-Mazz., Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. 61
stauntonii (Decne.)
Cynanchum
Hand.-Mazz., I.e.
(1936).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Professor
the
manuscript
lowing
W, L,
and
herbaria for
and P. The
D.M.
offering
putting
project
Moore
valuable
(University
their material
was
funded
of
suggestions.
by
at
our
Reading)
and Dr.
We are most
disposal: ABD,
A.R.
grateful to
BM.
for
Berg
going through
the Directors of the fol-
CAL, CGE, DACB, E, K,
the British Council for which
we
are
gratefully
K-
indebted.
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AIRY
SHAW,
H.K.
1973. J.C.
Willis,
A
Dictionary
of
flowering plants
and
ferns,
ed. 8.
University
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GRIERSON, A.J.C.,
worthy plants
& D.G.
LONG
collected in
1982. Notes
Bhutan in
relating
1979. Notes
to the Flora
Roy.
of Bhutan: V. New
Bot. Gard. Edinb.
40:
and note-
123-125
(Ascle-
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NOLAN,
J.R.
RAHMAN,
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1967.
Bifurcation of the stem
M.A. 1990a. Taxonomic
Aberdeen, Scotland.
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in
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M. A.
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M.A.
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1990b. Pollinaria
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RAHMAN, M.A.,
& C.C. Wilcock:
of Malesia:
of some
Revision
Asian
tropical
1989a
Notes
on
Pentasacme
Asclepiadaceae.
83-92. Kluwer Academic
& C.C. WILCOCK.
Asiatic
of
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tropical
Asian
In:
121
P. Baas et al.
(eds.),
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99-101.
RAHMAN, M.A.,
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13:
RAHMAN, M.A.,
& C.C. WILCOCK.
1989b.
Notes on
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Asian
Asclepiadaceae
II. J. Econ.
181-185.
& C.C. WILCOCK.
1990. Notes
on
tropical
Asian
Asclepiadaceae
III. Blumea 34:
519-520.
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C.G.G.J. VAN.
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&