Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
MA155 Statistical Reasoning Study Guide for test over Chapter 3, 4.1 to 4.3, Chapter 5 You should be able to: 3.1 Frequency Tables Construct a frequency table using bins. Use a frequency table to find the relative frequency of each category. Use a frequency table to find the cumulative frequency of each category. 3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data Construct the following graphs: bar graph, dot plot, pareto chart, pie chart, histogram, stemplot, and line chart. Be sure to use the appropriate labels (see green box on page 100). Understand the situations in which you would use the graphs listed above and be able to read and interpret the information given in the graph. Understand when a graph is also a time-series diagram. 3.3 Graphics in the Media Read and interpret multiple bar graphs, multiple line charts, stack plots, graphs with geographical data 3-D graphics and the combination of the above. 3.4 A Few Cautions About Graphics Identify problems with graphs such as perceptual distortions, misleading scales and pictographs. Good problems to practice: page 134 Chapter Review #1-6, page 135 Chapter Quiz #1-10 4.1 What is Average? Find and interpret the following measures of center or “averages”—mean, median, and mode. Understand which “average” is the appropriate one to use in a given situation. For example: median is appropriate to use when discussing family income, since a few high incomes (outliers) would raise the mean. Median would be a better representation of what the “average” family earns. Understand the relationship between mean, median and mode (see blue box on page 149). Understand the “Rounding Rule for Statistical Calculations” (see green box on page 147). Understand what is meant by an outlier. Be able to calculate a weighted mean. Be able to calculate the mean and median from binned data. 4.2 Shapes of Distributions Be able to classify a distribution by: 1. The number of modes A. Uniform distribution—no mode B. Single peaked or unimodal C. Bimodal 2. Symmetry or skewness A. Symmetry—uniform, bell shaped (normal), maybe multiple modes B. Skewness—left-skewed or right-skewed 3. Variation Understand the relationship between mean, median, and mode on symmetric and skewed distributions (see graphs at bottom of page 159). 4.3 Measures of Variation Be able to find and interpret the following measures of variation: 1. Range 2. Interquartile Range (IQR) 3. Standard deviation—you will be given the formula and asked to find the standard deviation from a small (5 values or less) set of data. Find and interpret the five-number summary (see green box on page 167). Use the five-number summary to draw a boxplot. Understand what a boxplot tells you about the shape of a distribution. Use IQR and 5-number summary to determine outliers. See notes, but remember outliers are values less than or values greater than Understand what is meant by a percentile. Use the range rule of thumb to approximate the standard deviation. Good problems to practice: page 186 Chapter Test #1-3, Chapter Test #1-10