Download Unit 8 Review - Nutley Schools

Unit 8 & 9 Review
Types of Questions on Test:
Multiple Choice
True/False
Matching
Punnett Squares
• Part 1
1. Genotype – D
2. Phenotype – B
3. Homozygous – F
4. Heterozygous – E
5. Monohybrid Cross – A
6. Dihybrid Cross – C
• Part 2
7. Genetics – F
8. Heredity – G
9. Gene – A
10. Diploid – B
11. Haploid – E
12. Law of segregation – D
13. Law of independent assortment – C
• Part 3
14. Homologous Chromosomes – C
15. Sex Chromosome – F
16. Autosome – D
17. Cross pollination – B
18. Pure strain – E
19. Allele – G
20. Dominant – A
21. Recessive – H
• Review the following terms from Unit 9:
1. Complete Dominance – D
2. Incomplete Dominance – F
3. Codominance – I
4. Single Allele Trait – A
5. Multiple Allele Trait – G
6. Polygenic Trait – J
7. X-linked Gene – B
8. Sex Influenced Trait – H
9. Test cross – E
10. Linkage Group – C
11. How many genes are found on each chromosome?
• Hundreds! More than one gene per chromosome
12. How many strands of DNA (chromosomes) do humans have in a diploid?
• 46 chromosomes in each body cell (2 sets of 23 chromosomes)
• 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY) in every body cell
13. How many strands of DNA (chromosomes) do humans have in a haploid?
• 23 chromosomes in each haploid (sex cell, gamete)
• 1 set of 23 chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome)
14. Give two examples of a diploid cell.
• Diploid Cell – Somatic (body) cell
• Skin cell, Muscle cell, Blood cell, Cheek cell
15. Give two examples of a haploid cell.
• Haploid Cell – Reproductive cell (Gamete)
• Sperm (male gamete, 22 autosomes & either X or Y)
• Egg (female gamete, 22 autosomes & an X chromosome)
16. A person has a mutation in a diploid cell. Will this affect their offspring?
– If the mutation is only in a diploid cell (skin cell, muscle cell) it WILL NOT
affect the offspring
– Skin cells, muscle cells, etc do not get passed down to the offspring
17. A person has a mutation in a haploid cell. Will this affect their offspring?
– A mutation in a haploid cell (sperm/egg) WILL affect the offspring
– When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, all the genes (good, bad,
neutral) become the offspring’s genes
18. Which parent determines the gender of the offspring? Explain your answer
– The male (dad) determines the gender of the offspring
– The female (mom, XX) can only pass down an X chromosome
– The male (XY) can pass down either the X (produces a girl) or the Y
(produces a boy)
19. In order to produce a female offspring, an egg must be fertilized by a
sperm carrying a(n) X chromosome.
20. In order to produce a male offspring, an egg must be fertilized by a
sperm carrying a(n) Y chromosome.
21. In Gregor Mendel’s experiments, what did he call the
– original plants? P Generation (Parent Generation)
– What about the first generation? F1 (First Filial)
– The second generation? F2 (Second Filial)
22. In a monohybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio did Mendel observe when doing a
heterozygous X heterozygous cross (F2 generation cross)?
– 3:1 ratio
23. When doing a dihybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio did Mendel observe in a
heterozygous X heterozygous (F2 generation) dihybrid cross?
– 9:3:3:1 ratio
24. Which gender is more likely to have a recessive sex-linked disorder? Why?
– MALES!
– Since males only have one X chromosome, if they inherit only one
X-linked recessive allele, they would have the disorder
– If females (XX) inherit only one recessive allele, they would be a
carrier but would not have the disorder
25. Polydactyl (Ff) X Five Fingers (ff)
• Genotype of offspring: 2 Ff, 2 ff
• Phenotype of offspring: 2 Polydactyl, 2 Five finger
• Genotypic ratio: 2:2
• Probability of Polydactyl: 2/4 or 50%
• Probability of Five Fingers: 2/4 or 50%
26. In impatient flowers, flower color shows incomplete dominance.
Red (RR) is dominant to white (rr), but the heterozygous results in a
pink phenotype (Rr). Two pink flowers are crossed.
• Genotype of Parents: Rr & Rr
• Genotype of offspring: 1 RR, 2 Rr, 1 rr
• Phenotype of offspring: 1 Red, 2 Pink, 1 white
• Probability of Red: ¼ or 25%
• Probability of Pink: 2/4 or 50%
• Probability of White: ¼ or 25%
27. In rabbits, the allele for black coat color is dominant over the
allele for brown coat color. A homozygous brown coat rabbit is
crossed with a heterozygous black coat rabbit.
• Genotype of Parents: bb & Bb
• Genotype of offspring: 2 Bb, 2 bb
• Phenotype of offspring: 2 Black, 2 Brown
• Probability of Black: 2/4 or 50%
• Probability of Brown: 2/4 or 50%
28. In humans, the gene for the genetic disorder Tay-Sachs disease is
recessive. Two parents that are carriers (heterozygous) have a child.
• Genotype of Parents: Tt & Tt
• Genotype of offspring: 1 TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt
• Phenotype of offspring: 3 normal, 1 Tay-Sachs
• Genotypic Ratio – 1:2:1
• Phenotypic Ratio – 3:1
• Probability of not having T-S: 3/4 or 75%
• Probability of Tay-Sachs: 1/4 or 25%
29. Suppose a parent with homozygous Blood Type B (IB IB) has a
child with a person heterozygous for Blood Type A (IA i).
• Genotype of Parents: IB IB & IA i
• Genotype of offspring: 2 IA IB, 2 IB i
• Phenotype of offspring: 2 Type AB, 2 Type B
•
•
•
•
Probability of Type A: 0/4 or 0% chance
Probability of Type B: 2/4 or 50% chance
Probability of Type AB: 2/4 or 50% chance
Probability of Type O: 0/4 or 0% chance
30. A person heterozygous for Blood Type A (IA i) has
a child with a person with Blood Type O ( i i ).
• Genotype of Parents: IA I & i i
• Genotype of offspring: 2 IA i, 2 i i
• Phenotype of offspring: 2 Type A, 2 Type O
•
•
•
•
Probability of Type A: 2/4 or 50% chance
Probability of Type B: 0/4 or 0% chance
Probability of Type AB: 0/4 or 0% chance
Probability of Type O: 2/4 or 50% chance
31. Colorblindness is caused by a recessive X-linked. A normal vision
carrier female (XB Xb) has a child with a normal vision male (XB Y).
• Genotype of Parents: XB Xb & XB Y
• Genotype of offspring: 1 XB XB , 1 XBXb, 1 XB Y, 1 XbY
• Phenotype of offspring: 2 Normal Female (1 normal,
1 carrier), 1 Normal male, 1 Colorblind Male
•
•
•
•
Probability of Normal Female: 2/4 or 50% chance
Probability of Colorblind Female: 0/4 or 0% chance
Probability of Normal Male: 1/4 or 25% chance
Probability of Colorblind Male: 1/4 or 25% chance
32. Hemophilia is caused by a recessive X-linked gene. A carrier female (XH
Xh) has a child with a male who has hemophilia (Xh Y).
•
•
•
•
Genotype of Parents: XH Xh & Xh Y
Genotype of offspring: 1 XH Xh , 1 XhXh, 1 XH Y, 1 XhY
Phenotype of offspring:
1 unaffected female (a carrier), 1 female w/
hemophilia, 1 unaffected male, 1 Male w/ hemophilia
•
•
•
•
Probability of unaffected Female: 1/4 or 25% chance
Probability of Female w hemophilia: 1/4 or 25% chance
Probability of unaffected Male: 1/4 or 25% chance
Probability of Male w hemophilia: 1/4 or 25% chance
• 12e. In pea plants, purple flower color is dominant to white. In the gene for
seed shape, round is dominant to wrinkled. Suppose a plant heterozygous for
both traits is crossed with a white flowered, wrinkeld pea plant.
• Purple flower, Tall pea plant genotype: Ff Rr (FR, Fr, fR, fr)
• White flower, Short pea plant : ff rr (fr, fr, fr, fr)
• Genotypes of offspring: 4 Ff Rr, 4 Ff rr, 4 ff Rr, 4 ff rr
• Phenotypes of offspring:
– 4 Purple flower & Round,
– 4 white flower & Round,
4 Purple flower & Wrinkled
4 white flower & Wrinkled
• Genotypic Ratio: 4:4:4:4
• Phenotypic Ratio: 4:4:4:4
•
•
•
•
Probability of a Purple flower, Round plant: 4/16 or 25%
Probability of a Purple flower, Wrinkled plant: 4/16 or 25%
Probability of a White flower, Round plant: 4/16 or 25%
Probability of a White flower, Wrinkled plant: 4/16 or 25%