Download Neutral Net Neutrality

NeutralNetNeutrality
ExpressingUserPreferenceswith
NetworkCookies
YiannisYiakoumis,Sachin Katti,NickMcKeown
StanfordUniversity
Whocontrolsyournetworkaccess?
2
Whocontrolsyournetworkaccess?
3
Whocontrolsyournetworkaccess?
Neutral
Network
Whatabouttheusers?
ISP-defined
FastLanes
4
Whatifweletusersdecide?
Neutral
Network
ISP-defined
FastLanes
User-Driven
5
Outline
• Whyuserpreferencesmatter
• Expressinguserpreferencestothenetwork
Outline
• Whyuserpreferencesmatter
• Expressinguserpreferencestothenetwork
1.Boost:User-drivenFastLane
Internet
8
1.Boost:User-drivenFastLane
• Deployedin~300homes(Googleemployees)
• OneBoostlastsforonehour+LastBoostwins
• 44websitesintwoweeks
9
HowdopeopleuseBoost?
• “Business-relatedstuffshouldbefaster(meor
mypartner)”
• “Iamstuckwitha2Mbpsconnection,andvery
oftenIneedtodedicateallofitonasingletask.”
Usercontext
• “IwantmyNetflixmovietogofaster,notmy
daughter’sNetflix”
10
www.skai.gr
www.starsports.com
100
www.ondemandkorea.com
www.intercallonline.com
www.espncricinfo.com
www.ticketmaster.com
10
www.hulu.com
www.cucirca.eu
speedtest.net
www.usanetwork.com
abc.go.com
1
www.facebook.com
www.cnn.com
www.nbc.com
www.netflix.com
mail.google.com
# of users
HowdopeopleuseBoost?
Alexa ranking
1000
>5000
10
8
6
4
2
11
www.skai.gr
www.starsports.com
100
www.ondemandkorea.com
www.intercallonline.com
www.espncricinfo.com
www.ticketmaster.com
10
www.hulu.com
www.cucirca.eu
speedtest.net
www.usanetwork.com
abc.go.com
1
www.facebook.com
4
www.cnn.com
6
www.nbc.com
www.netflix.com
mail.google.com
# of users
HowdopeopleuseBoost?
Alexa ranking
1000
>5000
10
8
Heavy-tailofuserpreferences
2
12
2.Zero-rating
13
Douserswantzero-rating?
1000smartphoneowners,US,18-65yearold,SurveyMonkey Audience,08/15
37.0%
Don't care
Don't know
63.0%
Interested
14
wwf
action news
edmodo
mapmyrun
trivia crack
candy crush
flipboard
viber
soma.fm
swig
indie103.1
lynda.com
schwab
8tracks
hulu
nyt
cnn.com
wikipedia
tunein radio
beats
nine
15
whatsapp
reddit is fun
amazon music
google music
google maps
snapchat
20
facebook
netflix
instagram
# of users
Whatdousersreallywanttozero-rate?
Whichapplicationwouldyouchoosetozero-rate?
~50
~
Heavy-tailofuserpreferences
10
5
1
15
wwf
action news
edmodo
mapmyrun
~50
trivia crack
candy crush
flipboard
viber
soma.fm
swig
indie103.1
lynda.com
schwab
8tracks
hulu
nyt
cnn.com
wikipedia
tunein radio
beats
nine
whatsapp
reddit is fun
amazon music
google music
google maps
snapchat
20
facebook
netflix
instagram
# of users
Whatdousersreallywanttozero-rate?
Whichapplicationwouldyouchoosetozero-rate?
80%ignoredbyallprograms!
~
15
10
5
1
16
UserPreferencesTakeaways
• Usershaveuniqueanddiversepreferences
• Respecttheheavy-tail
• Letusersdecide
17
Outline
• Whyuserpreferencesmatter
• Expressinguserpreferencestothenetwork
– Whyexistingmechanismsdon’twork
– NetworkCookies
18
DeepPacketInspection
Whatiscnn.com ???
matched
packets boosted (%)
100
80
Boostcnn.com
DPIisnotexpressive
60
Internet
40
20
0
cnn.com
skai.gr
19
DiffServ
• 64predefinedclasses
• Noauthentication
DiffServ
doesn’tworkacrossnetworkboundaries
Internet
• Norevocation
20
“IwanttrafficX togetserviceY!”
1. IwantNetflixtobefaster
2. IwantSpotify zero-rated
3. Iwantlow-latencySkypeforwork
Internet
21
“IwanttrafficX togetserviceY!”
1. IwantNetflixtobefaster
2. IwantSpotify zero-rated
3. Iwantlow-latencySkypeforwork
2. Communicateitto
3.Configurethenetwork
thenetwork
Internet
22
Howdowemaptraffictoalane?
FreeLane
23
Network Cookies:amappingabstraction
NetworkCookie :Asmallpieceofdatausersappendtotheirtraffic
1. Getcookieforeachservice
2. Userappendscookiestothedesiredtraffic
3. Networkmatchesagainstthemandenforcesservice
FreeLane
24
Network Cookies:amappingabstraction
CookieDescriptors:ID+Key+Metadata
Cookies:Unique,signed,use-once
FreeLane
25
Cookies&CookieDescriptors
• Separationofdataplaneandcontrolplane
• Descriptors:Authentication+ServiceDefinition
• Cookies:GenerateandMatchlocallyatdataplane
• Getcookiedescriptorsthroughanout-of-bandmechanism
• Insertcookiesthroughan“agent”(browser,OS,application)
• Wheretoinsertacookie?
• Anywherewecanputafewextrabits
• HTTPheader
• TLShandshake
• IPv6extensionheader
• …
26
CookieDescriptor
Descriptor
DB
CookieServer
3.Generateandadd
cookietoboostedflows
2.SyncdescriptorswithAP
DB
Cookie
4.Matchcookie,andenforcestheservice
27
ExamplePreferences
Everythinggoestothebesteffortlane,apartfrom…
1. Dropbox andsoftwareupdatesà backgroundlane
2. GoogleHangoutsandlivingroomTVà fastlane
BackgroundLane
28
“IwanttrafficX togetserviceY!”
1. IwantNetflixtobefaster
2. IwantSpotify zero-rated
3. Iwantlow-latencySkypeforwork
2. Communicateitto
3.Configurethenetwork
thenetwork
Internet
29
Puttingitalltogether…
1.
2.
3.
4.
DiscoverCookieserviceandacquirecookiedescriptors
Generateunique,use-once,signedcookies
Appendthemtodesiredtraffic(HTTPheader,TLSextension,TCP,…)
Matchinnetwork
FreeLane
30
NetworkCookiesProperties
31
NetworkCookiesProperties
Simple&
Expressive
Mappingabstraction
✔
Low transactioncostà Inclusive
✔
Composable/Delegetable
✔
32
NetworkCookiesProperties
Simple&
Expressive
Deployable
Mappingabstraction
✔
Low transactioncostà Inclusive
✔
Composable/Delegetable
✔
Independentofpacketheader,payload,path
✔
High Accuracy
✔
Multipletransportmechanisms
✔
Only client-networksupportrequired
✔
33
NetworkCookiesProperties
Simple&
Expressive
Deployable
Respect
trust
Mappingabstraction
✔
Low transactioncostà Inclusive
✔
Composable/Delegetable
✔
Independentofpacketheader,payload,path
✔
High Accuracy
✔
Multipletransportmechanisms
✔
Only client-networksupportrequired
✔
Built-in-Authentication
✔
Protected fromreplay,spoofing
✔
Transparent, Revocable,Auditable
✔
34
Outline
• Whyuserpreferencesmatter
• Expressinguserpreferencestothenetwork
• Conclusions
35
Conclusions&NextSteps
① AUser-Drivenapproachispracticalandbeneficial
- Evidencefromrealusers(Boost,Zero-Rating)
① Howwecommunicateuserpreferencesisimportant!
- Networkcookiesonewaytodoit
① NextSteps
- Trials
- Standardization
- NetNeutralityRegulation
36
[email protected]
37
Thanks!
[email protected]
38
BACKUPSLIDES
39
Whatmusicdouserswanttozerorate?
Whatmusicdouserswanttozerorate?
66%ofuserpreferencesnotinMusicFreedom(November2015)
Cookieà NetworkConfiguration
CookieMatching
Configuration
(forward+reverse flow)
CookieMatching
Configuration
(forward+reverse flow)
42
Cookieà NetworkConfiguration
Configuration
CookieMatching
43
Cookieà NetworkConfiguration
Configuration
CookieMatching
reverse
flow
44
Out-of-band(orSDN*)
Flowtuplechangesinthenetwork
packets boosted (%)
100
matched
false
Boost192.168.1.10:4568ßà54.204.2.219:80
80
OOBdoesn’tworkwithmiddleboxes (e.g.NAT)
60
Internet
40
20
0
cnn.com
*SDNà Software-DefinedNetworking
skai.gr
45
Whatdoesacookielook-like?
Generation
ID
UUID
TIMESTAMP
MAC
ID Key
Descriptor
Lowoverhead,cannotbereplayedorspoofed
Matching
Lookup
ID?
Valid
MAC?
Valid
tstamp
Uniqu
e
UUID
Append
UUID
Apply
Service
Best
effort
46
WheredoIgetacookiedescriptor?
• Well-knownserver
• Discoveryprotocols
• Givenbycontentprovider
Out-of-band+authenticationprimitives
47
Scalability
throughput (Gbps)
10
8
6
4
10 pkts/flow
50 pkts/flow
100 pkts/flow
2
0
1500
1024
512
packet size (bytes)
256
64
48