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Blood Safety
Sub Module - 1
Transfusion Transmitted Infections.
Definition- TTI is an infection that can be transmitted
through blood and blood products from an infected person
to another during blood transfusion
• Blood is a potent vehicle for the
transmission of various microorganisms.
Factors essential for a Disease
Transfer
• Give rise to asymptomatic
• Be present in the blood stream -at the time of
donation
• Be transmitted parenterally- injection, infusion,
or implantation
• Survive during the storage of the blood
Strategies to reduce TTIs
• Careful selection of donors
• Screening of blood
• Removal of specific components of blood
• Physical/chemical inactivation of
contaminating agent
Mandatory Testing
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Hepatitis B & C
• Malaria
• Syphilis
Why Blood safety?
• Through Contaminated Blood Transfusion HIV Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis and
Malaria
• HIV transmission -5% to10%
• HIV transmission -100%
Blood Safety as a cost effective
intervention
• Unsafe or inadequate blood supply is more costly
• Morbidity and mortality have a direct impact on
individuals and their families
• Rise in incidence of Transfusion-Transmitted
Infection increases the treatment costs.
WHO strategy for blood Safety
• A well-organized, coordinated service
• Voluntary Blood Donors
• Testing of all donated blood
• The rational use of blood
Types of Blood Donors.
• Replacement Donors : within the patient’s
own family or community
• Voluntary donors – Blood donation out of
their own
• Autologous blood donor -A patient who
donates his/her blood
• Apheresis donor- Donation of blood
components through the process of cell
separation
• Commercial or professional donors- legally
banned in India
Voluntary Blood Donation
• Given voluntarily and for altruistic reasons
• Provides safe quality blood and blood
components.
• Few Donors because of poor awareness,
motivation and superstition
• A regular donor is one who donates blood two to
three times a year and continues to donate at least
once a year
The Role of Counselors in a Blood
Bank
• Motivate Voluntary Blood donation
• Motivate donors at risk for HIV testing
• Maintain a permanent well-indexed record of
voluntary blood donors
• Educating the community
• Promote AIDS awareness
• Assist to reach voluntary donors
Activity -1
Brainstorming
Role of counsellors in Blood Bank
Who is eligible to donate blood?
• Age -18 - 60 years
• Haemoglobin - not less than 12.5 g/dL
• Pulse - between 50 and 100/minute with no
irregularities
• Blood Pressure -Systolic 100-180 mm Hg and
Diastolic 50 - 100 mm Hg
• Temperature - Normal
• Body weight - not less than 45 Kg
• Both male and female can donate blood
Activity - 2
Time – 15 minutes
Pasting the stickers
Donor eligibility
Who is an unsuitable donor?
Poor health and nutritional status of donors nutritional deficiency or other health problems
Replacement Donors - may have hidden favour or
paid by the patient’s family.
Risk Behavior –IDU, multi sexual partners,
Once only or first time donors-donor could be in
the window period
Donor Criteria
Should not
• Have been treated for rabies in the past one year
• be treated for Malaria in the past three months
• have had any immunizations in the last one month
• have had any dental work or taken Aspirin in the
past 72 hours
• have diabetes, heart disease or high BP, cancer,
blood clotting problem or blood disease
• have TB, bronchial asthma or allergic disorder,
liver disease, kidney disease, fits or fainting
Donor Criteria
Should not
• have cough, influenza or sore throat, common
cold at the time of blood donation
• have taken any antibiotics or any other
medications (Allopathic or Ayurveda or Sidha
or Homeo) in the past 48 hours
• have taken alcoholic beverages in the past 24
hours
• be pregnant or breast feeding or donate during
her menstrual cycles
• have donated blood in past 3 months
Donor Screening
• Registration and consent of the donor
• Medical History
• Limited physical examination
• Simple laboratory tests
Donor Selection
• A good rapport will ease donor selection
• Donor eligibility rules -to protect the health
and safety of the donor and the recipient
• Donor should understand the information
shaed
• Confidentiality is vital – for honest answers
History Taking
Activity – 3
Role Play
Sample Questionnaire for Donor History