Download Gas Giants

CH 25.4 Outer Planets
Gas Giants
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
• Large, “gaseous” planets with small
solid cores of metal & rock.
• Made mostly of Hydrogen & Helium –
under great pressures H & He existing
as liquids w/in planet
5.2 AUs from sun
Orbit time (Rev.) = 12 yrs
Rotation = 9.8 hours
GASEOUS, LARGEST &
MOST MASSIVE
PLANET (mass = 318 x
Earth)
Features:
Cloud Bands, Giant Red
Spot storm system,
single faint ring
Atmosphere = Hydrogen,
Helium
Temps = -144C (but hot
core)
Lg. Magnetosphere –
currents of metallic liquid
Hydrogen
moons: 50+
Exploration: Voyager &
Galileo Spacecraft Flybys
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92PdqOA7VE
Y&feature=relmfu
Io - volcanic
Ganymede – icy (Large)
Callisto - icy
Europa – icy (salt water ocean underneath)
The History Channel’s “The Universe – Jupiter”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLeKE8hfP8M
Most volcanically active location in the solar system.
Europa may have life under its
salt water ocean under its frozen
surface.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVDE14tFyEM&feature=PlayList&p=10F85C2BC16A885E&index=0
http://www.youtube.com/user/Knowledge2Truth#p/c/28A94D2A4AEC778C/15/-tsamka8gHU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4D8Y9J3aL3I
GASEOUS- 2nd
Largest, Least dense
(could float)
Moons: 30+
Atmosphere:
Hydrogen, Helium, + Features: Large
ring system (icy
(Rains helium)
rock/dust) Cloud
Temps: -176C (hot bands
core)
9.5 AUs from sun
Orbit time (Rev) =
29.5 yrs
Rotation = 10.67 hrs
Titan: Saturn’s Moon
•Has an THICK
ATMOSPHERE
•Nitrogen & Methane
•Liquid lakes of ethane &
methane.
• Cassini-Huygen’s Mission recently
explored Titan with a probe
• Cassini continues to explore
Saturn
The Universe: Saturn 1/3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfDQeZxPsgw
19.2 AUs
Orbit Time (Rev): 84 years
Rotation: 17.24 hrs.
GASEOUS & RINGS
Atmosphere: Hydrogen, Helium
Methane, Ammonia
Tilted on side 90 degrees and rotates backwards (retrograde)
Temps: - 215 C (hot core)
moon: 20+
The History Chanel’s Outer Planets:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIrhTXRROgo
30 AUs
Orbit time (Rev) = 165 yrs.
•GASEOUS & RINGS
Rotation = 17.24 hrs.
•Atmosphere: Methane,
Hydrogen, Ammonia
•Temps: -355 F
•Features
Dark Spot storm system
(vanished 1994)
Moons: 8+ (Triton is
largest)
Windiest Planet (1200
mph winds)
•Clouds of Methane Ice Crystals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woBY6CiIfTg&feature=PlayList&p=DD2B
509749D92C27&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=13
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKpinHLY-Q
Common Features of Outer Planets
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Large in size
Gaseous surfaces of H & He
Many Moons
Rings
Cold temperatures
Long revolutions
Dwarf Planet
Probably a Kuiper Belt
Object
40 AUs
Trace Atmosphere
(methane)
Temps. - 223 C/ -400F
SOLID – icy rock w/ frozen methane
New Horizons
Dense
Spacecraft – left
Moon: Charon (almost same size;
in 2006; will
they chase each other
arrive in 2015
Eccentric &Tilted Orbit (17 degrees)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKpinHLY-Q
Discovery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1RU6P-fUr4
http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/01
/26/orig-new-horizons-probe-nearspluto-nasa.cnn
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/n
ewhorizons/main/index.html
Reasons Pluto was Reclassified
1. Too small & solid(Outer planets are large
& gaseous)
2. No rings
3. Only 1 moon (and it chases it).
4. Orbit is very elliptical & tilted
5. More in common with K.B.O.s
Kuiper Belt
K.B.O.s
Round icy rock
bodies like Pluto
continue to be
found & classified.
Sedna
Short term comets are also in K. Belt
(~ 200 yr.orbits)
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/kuiper.htm
Starts at Neptune’s
orbit and extends
for 30 – 50 AU out.
In the ecliptic plane
w. planets
www.astro.rug.nl
http://discovermagazine.com/2004/nov/cover/outer-oort.jpg
The Universe: The Outer Planets (& Pluto & KBO)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osWm8QygoH4
library.thinkquest.org
Found in Kuiper Belt
(region that starts @
Neptune’s orbit and
extends past Pluto &
is in the ECLIPITC
Dirty Snowballs with a rocky core PLANE) & Oort Cloud
(SPHERE OF Comets
Vapor tail forms as it approaches surrounding S.
sun (Solar wind evaporates frozen system as a shell)
gases)
•Tail faces away from sun
•Short Range – 200 yrs (K.Belt)
• Long Range – millions or years
(Oort Cloud)
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html
Check Up
1.
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3.
4.
List 3 reasons why Pluto is an “odd-ball”
What is Pluto now considered?
What 2 places can you find comets?
Describe a KBO – where do you find
them?
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Birth of the Solar System (National Geographic) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1AXbpYndGc
Planets form (Condensation Temps): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5nCMCZSVxg
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Massive Solar Storms (National Geographic) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU4hpsistDk&feature=relmfu
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Massive Solar Storms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU4hpsistDk&feature=list_related&playnext=1&list=SL