Download 16 - Azle FFA

Immunizations:
Injections &
Techniques
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Objectives
• To learn why injections are essential for
healthy animals.
• To learn the different sizes of syringes
and needles.
• To explore injection sites on the animal.
• To become familiar with medicinal
applications.
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Types of Syringes
• Disposable - mostly plastic, usually
thrown away after use
• Reusable - made of glass, plastic and
metal; must be sanitized between each
use
• Automatic - delivers larger doses
repeatedly; ideal for
vaccinating sows, steers
and cows
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Syringes
• Consist of a barrel
and plunger
• Types of needle attachments
– plain tip - simply pushed on the tip of the
syringe
– lock tip - twists and locks onto the tip of the
syringe
– may be made of plastic or metal
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Syringe & Needle Sizes
• Syringes and needles are sized by
gauge (diameter) and length
• Common syringe sizes: 1, 3, 6, 10,
12, 16, 18, 20, 30 and 50
• Common needle gauges: 16, 18
and 20
– the smaller the gauge number, the
larger the needle
• Common needle lengths (inches):
¼, ½, ¾, 1, 1¼, 1½ and 2
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Needle
Gauge
Length
Young Pigs
20
½”
Pigs (weighing over 40 lb.)
18
½”
Young Cattle
18
1”
Older Cattle
16
1½”
Colts
18
1”
Older Horses
16
1½”
Lambs
20
1”
Sheep
18
1½”
Chicken
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1 – 1½”
Animal
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Types of Injections
• Cutaneous - material is applied to the skin
• Epidural - injected directly into the area
around the spinal cord
• Intracardial - injected directly into the heart
• Intradermal - injected into the skin
• Intramuscular - injected into the large
muscles, commonly the neck and thigh
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Types of Injections
• Intraocular - injected under the eyelid or into
the cornea
• Intrapulmonary - injected directly into the
lungs
• Intrathoracic - injected into the thoracic area
• Intravenous - injected into the vein
• Subcutaneous - injected under the skin
(subcue)
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Needles & Injections
• Intramuscular injections - 1” needle use
is common for young animals and 1.5”
needle for adults
• Subcutaneous injections - ½” to 1”
needle is favorable
* thicker medicines may require smaller
gauged needles in order to “push” the
medicine through the syringe and needle
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Types of Medicines
• Wormers
– used to kill parasites
– usually given orally or subcutaneously
• Vitamins and minerals
– given when an animal is deficient
– usually given orally, intravenously or
intramuscularly
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Types of Medicines
• Antibiotics
– a bacteria-killing substance produced by a
bacterium or mold given to cure bacterial diseases
– usually given orally, intravenously or
intramuscularly
• Vaccines
– substance containing live, modified or dead
organisms; injected to build immunity from a
disease caused by certain organisms
– usually given intramuscularly or subcutaneously
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Types of Medicines
• Serum
– fluid portion of blood from animals having
immunity to the disease
– produces a passive immunity until the animal
produces its own
– usually given intramuscularly or with a vaccine
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Precautions
• Precautions for biological products,
such as antibiotics and vaccines,
include the following:
1. protect from heat and light, keep in a
refrigerator at 35°F to 45°F. DO NOT
FREEZE!
2. only put sterilized needle into container
of medicine
3. only use recommended dosage
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Regulations for Animal Drug Use
• Federal regulations require manufacturers to
label all containers to supply buyers with
information on proper handling, storage and
drug usage
• Some drugs can only be prescribed or sold
by veterinarians
• Most drugs have withdrawal periods and
buyers must be careful when giving drugs to
animals to be slaughtered
• Many drugs are only made for a specific
species
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Oral Medicine Application
• Methods of giving medicines orally
include:
– drinking water
– feeding
– drenching with a drench gun
– bolus with a balling gun
– tubing with a stomach tube
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Disinfectants & Antiseptics
•
•
•
•
•
Isopropyl alcohol
Iodine
Bleach
Betadine
Chlorhexidine – Nolvasan®
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Additional Vocabulary
1. Antiseptic - an agent capable of
destroying or severely inhibiting
microorganisms
2. Antitoxin - antibody
neutralizing toxin
3. Contagious - capable of
being passed from animal
to animal
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Additional Vocabulary
4. Disinfect - to destroy or kill diseasecausing organisms
5. Non-Contagious - diseases incapable
of spreading from animal to animal
6. Immunity - resistance to a specific
disease
7. Toxin - poisonous substance of
microbial, vegetables or animal origin
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Assessment
1. The larger the gauge number, the larger the needle.
A. True
B. False
2. An intravenous injection is injected into a vein.
A. True
B. False
3. Antibiotics are used to kill parasites.
A. True
B. False
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Assessment
4. Serums are given to help build immunity to a disease.
A. True
B. False
5. Most syringes are sized by gauge or diameter. These are
NOT the same type of measurement.
A. True
B. False
6. Needles are sized by their gauge and length.
A. True
B. False
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Assessment
7. Needles are sized by their gauge and length.
A. True
B. False
8. Vitamins and minerals are given as oral, intravenous or
intramuscular injections when an animal is considered
deficient in these areas.
A. True
B. False
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Assessment
9. Antiseptic is NOT an agent capable of destroying or
severely inhibiting microorganisms causing disease.
A. True
B. False
10. Subcutaneous is injected under the skin.
A. True
B. False
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Acknowledgements
Kristina Harris – Production Coordinator
Clayton Franklin – Graphics Designer
Geoff Scott – Production Manager
G.W. Davis – Executive Producer
© MMXIV
CEV Multimedia, Ltd.
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