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What makes up the Universe?
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Subatomic particles
Atoms
Planets and planetoids
Planetary systems
Stars and star systems
Nebulas
Galaxies
Cluster
Supercluster
What is a galaxy?
Galaxies are collections of stars
with a common gravitational center.
Andromeda and the Milky Way by Hubble Space Telescope. www.nasa.gov
There are 4 kinds of galaxies:
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Spiral
Barred spiral
Elliptical
Irregular
Perseus cluster of galaxies. scienceblogs.com
Spiral galaxy – central bulge of old stars
with arms of young stars
Colliding spiral galaxies in Arp 274. apod.nasa.gov
Barred spiral galaxy – central rod of old
stars with arms of young stars
Hubble observes NGC 1073. www.nasa.gov
Elliptical galaxy – spherical cluster of
mostly old stars
Odd galaxy couple on space voyage. www.nasa.gov
Irregular galaxy – no recognizable shape
Starburst in a dwarf irregular galaxy. apod.nasa.gov
What is a nebula?
Nebulas are clouds of gas and dust.
They are the birthplace of stars and galaxies.
Pillar and jets. www.nasa.gov
There are 4 kinds of nebulas:
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Emission
Reflection
Dark
Planetary
Hubble’s lagoon. apod.nasa.gov
Emission nebula – produces its own light
A beautiful Trifid. apod.nasa.gov
Reflection nebula – reflects the light of
neighboring stars
Reflecting Merope. apod.nasa.gov
Dark nebula – blocks the light of stars
behind it
Hubble observes the popular Horsehead nebula. www.spacetelescope.org
Planetary nebula – clouds of star material
exhaled by a dying star
Hubble observes glowing, fiery shells of gas. www.nasa.gov
What is a star?
• Balls of hot gasses
• Produce own light
through nuclear
fusion
Andromeda and the Milky Way by Hubble Space Telescope. www.nasa.gov
There are 7 Star types:
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Oh
Boy
A
Failing
Grade
Kills
Me
Hot
Young
Small
Blue
Cold
Old
Large
Red
Perseus cluster of galaxies. scienceblogs.com
www.cmso.info.
What is the Solar System?
The Solar System is the star system
which has Sol for its center.
Where is our Solar System?
The Milky Way. popchassid.com
Parts of the Solar System
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Sol
Inner planets
Asteroid belt
Outer planets
Kuiper Belt
Oort Cloud
The Solar System. solarsystem.nasa.gov
Solar sytsem. spaceplace.nasa.gov
Inner planets – Rocky planets (Mercury,
Venus, Earth, Mars)
• Thin atmosphere
• Thick, rocky layers
• Metallic cores
The Inner Planets. www.astronomy.ie
Outer planets – Gas giants (Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus)
• Thick atmosphere
• Thin rocky layers
• Small metallic cores
The Outer Planets. www.astronomy.ie
The Solar System. www.astronomy.ie
How do planets move?
• Axial tilt
• Rotation
• Revolution
Axial tilt. en.wikipedia.org
Rotating Earth. superiorplatform.com
Revolving planet. oncirculation.com
Solar System in motion. myweb.rollins.edu
What is a planetoid?
A planetoid is a rocky body orbiting the Sun.
It is smaller than a planet.
Planetoids are also known as asteroids.
Asteroid belt – region filled with rocky
bodies orbiting the Sun
The asteroid belt. www.jpl.nasa.gov
Kuiper belt – outer region of planetoids
orbiting the Sun (includes Pluto)
The Kuiper Belt. heasarc.nasa.gov
Oort Cloud – outermost group of
planetoids forming a “shell” around the
Sun
The Oort Cloud. spaceplace.nasa.gov
What are comets?
Orbit of a comet. www.nasa.gov
Comets. spaceplace.nasa.gov
Comets. neo.ssa.esa.int