Download Electron Clouds and Probability

Glencoe Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chapter 5 Section 2
De Broglie Hypothesis
m = mass
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
E = mc2 and E = hν
E = Energy (joules)
v (nu) = Frequency
h = 6.626 x 10-34 joules/Hz
Predicted the wavelength of a particle using:
λ=
λ= wavelength (meters)
h = Planck’s constant
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s) not nu
h/λm = v
ℎ
𝑚𝑣
h/λv = m
Wave-particle duality of nature
Light has the properties of both a particle as well as a wave.
Newtonian Mechanics
Momentum = mass x velocity
P=mxv
Visible objects at ordinary velocities.
Quantum mechanics
Extremely small particles at velocities near the speed of
light.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
ΔP Δx ≥ h
ΔP = Uncertainty of momentum
Δx = Uncertainty of position
h = Planck’s constant
ΔP
Δx inversely proportional
Erwin Schrödinger
Treated the electron as a wave and developed a model that
describes the behavior of the electron.
2𝜋2𝑚𝑒4
2 2
ℎ𝑛
m = mass of electron
e = charge of electron
h = Planck’s constant
n = positive whole numbers
(Quantum numbers)
Max Born
The probability of finding the electron at the point in space.
Wave-mechanical view of the hydrogen atom.
The electron cloud is like a fan.