Download Example: 5007 g contains four significant figures

Content
of first
test!
hydrogen H
oxygen O
phosphorus P
manganese Mn
bromine Br
xenon Xe
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
helium He
fluorine F
sulfur S
iron Fe
krypton Kr
cesium Cs
lithium Li
neon Ne
chlorine Cl
cobalt Co
rubidium Rb
barium Ba
beryllium Be
sodium Na
argon Ar
nickel Ni
strontium Sr
gold Au
boron B
magnesium Mg
potassium K
copper Cu
silver Ag
mercury Hg
carbon C
aluminum Al
calcium Ca
zinc Zn
tin Sn
lead Pb
nitrogen N
silicon Si
chromium Cr
arsenic As
iodine I
uranium U
Non-zero numbers are always significant, regardless of the location of the decimal point.
Example: 129 g contains three significant figures
Example: 157.246 g contains six significant figures
Zeros between non-zero numbers are always significant.
Example: 5007 g contains four significant figures
Example: 300 001.008 g contains nine significant figures
All ending zeros to the right of non-zero numbers are significant only if the decimal is shown.
Example: 100 g contains one significant figure, 100. g contains three significant figures
Zeros that act as placeholders for the decimal are not significant.
Example: 0.00025 g contains two significant figures
Counting numbers and defined constants have an infinite number of significant figures.
Example: 7 scientists contains infinite significant figures
Example: 1000 mm = 1 m each contains infinite significant figures
Add, subtract, multiply or divide both sides of the equation by the variables until the variable you are solving for is by
itself to the left of the equal sign.
Example: Solve for V using the equation D = m .
V
Step 1: V D = m V
V
Multiply each side by V.
Step 2: V D = m
Rewrite equation.
Step 3: V D = m
Answer: V = m
D
D
D
Divide each side by D. Rewrite equation.
Divide by the largest common number to reduce a ratio to the lowest whole number ratio.
Example: 8:12:4:4 each number can be divided by 4
Answer: 2:3:1:1
Scientific notation expresses numbers as a multiple of two factors: a number between 1 and less than 10 and ten raised to a
power. The exponent is positive if representing a number greater than 1. The exponent is negative if representing a number
less than 1.
Example: 450,962.33 = 4.5096233 x 105
Example: 0.003487 = 3.482 x 10-3
1
Prefix
Mega
kilo
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
Symbol
M
k
d
c
m

n
Value
1 x 106
1 x 103
1 x 10-1
1 x 10-2
1 x 10-3
1 x 10-6
1 x 10-9
Quantity
Symbol
Base Unit
Symbol
length
l
meter
m
mass
temperature
time
amount of
substance
m
T
t
n
kilogram
Kelvin
second
mole
kg
K
s
mol
Measuring
Instrument
meter stick,
metric ruler
balance
thermometer
clock, stopwatch
no measuring
instrument
(counting number)
Use a calculator to get the right answer every time!
Example: Solve the following; 6.02 x 1023 . Write answer in scientific notation and rounded to the tenths place.
(7.4) (3.5)
Type in calculator: 6.02 EE 23 ÷ 7.4 ÷ 3.5 = 2.324324324E22
Written answer with significant figures: 2.3 x 1022
Pre-AP Chemistry students learn all ions. Chemistry I students learn the ions listed in bold.
1+ Ions:
ammonium NH41+
mercury(I) Hg1+
hydrogen H1+
lithium Li1+
silver Ag1+
copper(I) Cu1+
zinc Zn2+
tin(II) Sn2+
copper(II) Cu2+
nickel(II) Ni2+
mercury(II) Hg2+
lead(II) Pb2+
cobalt(II) Co2+
manganese(II) Mn2+
aluminum Al3+
nickel(III) Ni3+
cobalt(III) Co3+
silicon Si4+
2+ Ions:
beryllium Be2+
iron(II) Fe2+
3+ or 4+ Ions:
boron B3+
manganese(III) Mn3+
iron(III) Fe3+
tin(IV) Sn4+
lead(IV) Pb4+
1- Ions:
hydride H1perchlorate ClO41hydroxide OH1hydrogen carbonate
fluoride F1acetate C2H3O21nitrate NO31nitrite NO21111chlorate ClO3
chlorite ClO2
hypochlorite ClO
cyanide CN1permanganate MnO41or bicarbonate HCO31-
2- Ions:
oxide O2chromate CrO42-
sulfide S2sulfate SO42dichromate Cr2O72-
sulfite SO32carbonate CO32hydrogen phosphate HPO42-
3- or 4- Ions:
nitride N3-
phosphide P3-
phosphate PO43-
phosphite PO33-
carbide C4-
2
3