Download Anatomical Language Lab

Anatomical Language Lab
(Analogy pages 6-15)
BIO 137 Lab
Anatomy & Physiology I
Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – study of structure
Physiology – study of function
Structure is always related to function
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
1-3
How do scientists describe
the structures of an
Organism?
Using Universal
Anatomical Language
(This language is based upon a body in
anatomical position).
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
ORGANIZATION OF
THE HUMAN BODY
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Divisions of the Human Body
 Axial
Portion
 Head
 Neck
 Trunk
 Appendicular
Portion
 Appendages
 Arms
 Legs
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
The Axial Region is Divided into
Two Major Cavities
 Dorsal
Cavity
 Cranial
Cavity
 Spinal
Cavity
 Ventral
Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
 Abdominopelvic
Cavity
 Abdominal
Cavity
 Pelvic Cavity

Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Dorsal Cavity
 Cranial
Cavity
 Houses brain
 Spinal Cavity
 Houses Spinal Cord
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Photo from North Harris College A&P Lab Help
(http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap1lab.htm
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Ventral Cavity

Thoracic Cavity


Lungs
Mediastinum


Heart, Trachea, Esophagus, Thymus
Abdominopelvic Cavity
 Abdominal Cavity


Liver, Gallbladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen,
Small intestine, Large Intestine
Pelvic Cavity

Internal Reproductive Organs, Bladder, Anus
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Photo from North Harris College A&P Lab Help
(http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap1lab.htm
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Anatomical Language
Anatomical Position – standing erect,
face forward, upper limbs at the sides,
palms forward
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
1-18
Anatomical Language
Anatomical Position – standing erect, face
forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms forward
Terms of Relative Position
• Superior versus Inferior
• Anterior versus Posterior
• Ventral versus Dorsal
• Medial versus Lateral
• Superficial versus Deep
• Proximal versus Distal (in appendicular portion only)
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
1-18
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Midline
Fig. 1.20
Right
Proximal
Left
Superior
Medial
Lateral
Distal
Anterior
Posterior
(Ventral)
(Dorsal)
Proximal
Distal
Inferior
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Use terms of relative
position relating human
organs and/or cavities
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
ANATOMICAL
LANDMARKS
(BODY REGIONS)
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 1.25
Cephalic (head)
Frontal (forehead)
Otic (ear)
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Cervical (neck)
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Axillary (armpit)
Orbital (eye cavity)
Buccal (cheek)
Mental (chin)
Sternal
Acromial
(point of shoulder)
Pectoral
(chest)
Vertebral
(spinal column)
Mammary (breast)
Brachial (arm)
Brachial
(arm)
Antecubital
(front of elbow)
Abdominal
(abdomen)
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Carpal (wrist)
Occipital
(back of head)
Dorsum (back)
Umbilical
(navel)
Inguinal
(groin)
Cubital (elbow)
Lumbar
(lower back)
Sacral (between hips)
Coxal
(hip)
Gluteal (buttocks)
Perineal
Palmar (palm)
Digital (finger)
Femoral (thigh)
Genital
(reproductive organs)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Patellar
(front of knee)
Sural (calf)
Crural (leg)
Tarsal (instep)
Pedal (foot)
(a)
Digital (toe)
Plantar (sole)
(b)
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
The Abdominopelvic Region is
Divided into Different
Quadrants and/or Regions
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Fig. 1.24
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Right
hypochondriac
region
Right
Lumbar
region
Right
iliac
region
(a)
Epigastric
region
Umbilical
region
Hypogastric
region
Left
hypochondriac
region
Left
lumbar
region
Right upper
quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper
quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower
quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower
quadrant (LLQ)
Left
iliac
region
(b)
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
9 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Anatomists must make
sections/planes of the body
to study what’s inside
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Body Sections (Cuts or planes)
•Sagittal / Mid-sagittal
•right and left portions
•Transverse
•superior and inferior portions
•Coronal or Frontal
•anterior and posterior portions
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
1-19
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Fig. 1.22
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(a)
(b)
(c)
a: © Patrick J. Lynch/Photo Researchers, Inc.; b: © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.; c: © A. Glauberman/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Blood Vessels and Visceral Hollow
Organs may be cut in Several Directions
 Cross-section
 Oblique
 Longitudinal
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Fig. 1.23
Cross-section
Oblique
Longitudinal
(a)
(b)
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
(c)
Serous Membranes = SSET OVER LACT
Visceral membrane – covers an organ
Parietal membrane – lines a cavity or body wall
Thoracic Membranes
Abdominopelvic
•Visceral pleura
Membranes
•Parietal pleura
•Visceral peritoneum
•Visceral
•Parietal peritoneum
pericardium
•Parietal
pericardium
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
1-13
Fig. 1.11
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Vertebra
Spinal cord
Plane of
section
Mediastinum
Azygos v.
Aorta
Left lung
Esophagus
Right lung
Rib
Right atrium
of heart
Left ventricle
of heart
Right ventricle
of heart
Visceral pleura
Visceral pericardium
Pleural cavity
Parietal pleura
Anterior
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericardium
Sternum
Fibrous pericardium
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Fig. 1.12
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Spinal cord
Plane of
section
Vertebra
Right kidney
Left
kidney
Aorta
Inferior
vena cava
Pancreas
Spleen
Small intestine
Large
intestine
Liver
Large intestine
Rib
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Costal cartilage
Visceral peritoneum
Stomach
Peritoneal cavity
Anterior
Parietal peritoneum
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Practice Quiz: Let’s test our
understanding anatomical language
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
9 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Complete the following sentences:
The heart is __________ to the
lungs.
The pancreas is ____________ to
the stomach.
The gallbladder is __________ to
the liver
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Complete the following sentences:
The heart is MEDIAL to the lungs.
The pancreas is POSTERIOR to
the stomach.
The gallbladder is INFERIOR to
the liver
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Photo from North Harris College A&P Lab Help (http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap1lab.htm
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Photo from North Harris College A&P Lab Help (http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/ap1lab.htm
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Complete the following sentences:
The membrane that covers the heart is
__________ ____________.
The membrane that covers the pancreas
is ____________ ___________.
The membrane that lines the rib cage is
__________ _____________.
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Complete the following sentences:
The membrane that covers the heart is
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM.
The membrane that covers the pancreas
is VISCERAL PERITONEUM.
The membrane that lines the rib cage is
PARIETAL PLEURA.
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Fig. 1.12
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Spinal cord
Plane of
section
Vertebra
Right kidney
Left
kidney
Aorta
Inferior
vena cava
Pancreas
Spleen
Small intestine
Large
intestine
Liver
Large intestine
Rib
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Costal cartilage
Visceral peritoneum
Stomach
Peritoneal cavity
Anterior
Parietal peritoneum
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Fig. 1.11
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Vertebra
Spinal cord
Plane of
section
Mediastinum
Azygos v.
Aorta
Left lung
Esophagus
Right lung
Rib
Right atrium
of heart
Left ventricle
of heart
Right ventricle
of heart
Visceral pleura
Visceral pericardium
Pleural cavity
Parietal pleura
Anterior
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericardium
Sternum
Fibrous pericardium
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath
GOOD
LUCK
STUDYING
Copyright 2016 Dr. Mary Catherine Flath