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RELIGION
APHG
WHAT IS THE
GEOGRAPHER’S ROLE IN
RELIGIONS?
• Religion interests geographers
because it is essential for
understanding how humans occupy
Earth.
• Where are religions located?
• Why are some religions more widely
distributed?
• Why do some religions occupy more
space?
MONO. V. POLY. THEISM
Monotheism = belief in one god
Examples: Christianity, Islam,
Judaism
Polytheism = belief in many gods
Examples: Hinduism, Animists
RELIGIONS TIMELINE
UNIVERSAL V. ETHNIC
RELIGIONS
• Universal Religions
• Attempts to be global, appeal to all
people, wherever they may live
• Ethnic Religions
• Appeals primarily to one group of people
living in one place
UNIVERSAL
RELIGIONS
Major Universal Religions
• Christianity
• Islam
• Buddhism
Other Smaller Universal Religions
• Sikhism
• Baha’I
CHRISTIANITY
Founder
Jesus
Origin
Jerusalem (modern day Israel)
Branches
Roman Catholic*, Protestant, and Orthodox
Diffusion
Combination of:
- Relocation, expansion, hierarchical, contagious
Holy Places
Jerusalem
Calendar
Easter, Christmas
Sacred Places
Church
Other info
-
Most adherents
Most widespread
Ten Commandments
Usually bury their dead
MAP OF
CHRISTIANITY
ISLAM
Founder
Muhammad
Origin
Traces same narrative as Judaism and Christianity
- Split = Abraham’s second wife
- Makkah (modern day Saudi Arabia)
Branches
Major = Sunni* Shiite (Shia)
Diffusion
Relocation
Holy Places
Mecca, Medina
Calendar
Lunar cal., import holy days = Ramadan
(Ramazan in Turkey)
Sacred Places
Mosque
Other info
- 5 Pillars
- Usually bury their dead
MAP OF ISLAM
BUDDHISM
Founder
Siddhartha Gautama
Origin
Near modern day Nepal
Branches
Mahayana, Theravada, Tantrayana
Diffusion
Did not diffuse rapidly, relocation
Holy Places
8 places (So. Nepal, birthplace of Buddha)
Calendar
Celebrate birth and death of Buddha (not all
celebrate on the same day)
Sacred Places
Worshipping in a temple is not important. Have
many shrines and temples
Other info
- 4 Noble Truths
MAP OF BUDDHISM
OTHER
Sikhism
Baha’i
Founder
Nanak (first Guru)
Bahá'u'lláh
Origin
Modern day Pakistan
Modern day Iran
-grew out of Bábi faith
Diffusion
Little diffusion
Diffused to other
region more recently
Holy Places
Golden Temple,
Punjab
Calendar
Major holidays are the
birth of the ten gurus
19 mo 19 days, 1st day
of spring is holy
Sacred Places
Gurdwara
Houses of Worship
Other info
- indiv. respon. For
actions
-establish a univ. faith
abolishing racial, class
prejud.
Branches
ETHNIC RELIGIONS
Major Ethnic Religions
• Hinduism
Other Smaller Ethnic Religions
• Confucianism
• Daoism (Taoism)
• Shintoism
• Judaism
• Ethnic Africa Religions
HINDUISM
Founder
No specific founder
Origin
India
Branches
Diffusion
Lack diffusion
Holy Places
Mt. Kailās, India, Ganges River
Calendar
Based on lunar cal, Diwali – holy festival
Sacred Places
Hindu Temple
Other info
- majority found in India
- Cremation
JUDAISM
Founder
Abraham (same Abraham in Christianity)
Origin
Canaan (modern day Levant)
Branches
Diffusion
Exception, migrated to escape persecution
Holy Places
Calendar
Based on agric calendar. 2 holiest days = Rosh
Hashanah and Yom Kippur
Sacred Places
Synagogue
Other info
- Usually bury their dead