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Monday Prove It: The Four Pharaohs
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1. Which pharaoh is known as the great builder and strong military leader?
a. Ramses II
b. Khufu
c. Senusret
d. Hatshesput
2. Which pharaoh is known for increasing trade with Rome and Greece?
a. Ramses II
b. Khufu
c. Senusret
d. Hatshesput
3.
What was the Pharaoh Khufu known for? Which kingdom was he ruler in?
Came forth the king of the gods, Amun-Re, from his temple, saying: "Welcome,
my sweet daughter, my favorite, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt,
Maatkare, Hatshepsut. Thou art the king, taking possession of the Two Lands"
– inscription carved into a temple wall
4. Read the primary source above. What can you infer about the Pharaoh Hatshepsut?
a. the Pharaoh Hatshepsut was the daughter of a god
b. to gain power, she told ancient Egyptians that her father was the king of the gods
c. she was extremely religious and believed that he soul would find her father in the afterlife
d. she united Lower and Upper Egypt into one land
Monday: The Four Pharaohs
Name of Pharaoh
Accomplishments & Legacy
ONE or TWO Most Important Points:
Pharaoh Khufu: The Pyramid Builder
The Pharaoh Khufu ruled from about 2551 to 2528 B.C.E., during the Old
Kingdom period. Today he is best known as the builder of the Great Pyramid.
Not much is known about what Khufu was like. Some stories describe him as a
cruel, harsh ruler. Others say he was powerful but kind.
Khufu helped make the Pharaoh the most powerful person. He kept strict
control over how much food the peasants made. He controlled all the
government officials who made the laws. He also declared himself a god.
Khufu and other Old Kingdom pharaohs had magnificent pyramids built as tombs for themselves
and their families. Khufu was the pharaoh who was responsible for building the Great Pyramid
at Giza. It is one of the wonders of the world.
Building the Great Pyramid was an amazing feat.
No one knows exactly how they did it. They Pyramid
took more than 20 years to create. Khufu
maintained full control of the building project. He
organized and fed thousands of workers. The
completed pyramid was a stunning monument and
shows how wonderful Egyptians were at building
amazing structures.
Accomplishments
What is he remembered
for? (his legacy)
Which kingdom was he in?
What is one more important
detail?
Pharaoh Senusret: Supporter of the Arts
The Pharaoh Senusret I ruled from about 1971 to 1926 B.C.E
during the Middle Kingdom. He was a strong leader who ruled
a stable, unified Egypt. Art, literature, and architecture were
really important during his rule.
Artisans and craftspeople were really important during his rule.
The Pharaoh controlled all of the mines in Egypt that were filled
with gold, copper, and gems. Artisans and craftspeople made
these materials into jewelry. Bracelets and necklaces were often
highly detailed and were decorated with beautiful stones.
Senusret’s greatest accomplishment were in religious buildings.
He built and improved many temples, shrines, and religious
monuments.
The best monument from Senusret was the White Chapel. (A Chapel is a small temple.) It was
made of white stone, and then a thin layer of gold covered it.
Senusret wanted his memory to live on through his monuments. But almost none of his buildings
lived on past his time. A later pharaoh destroyed most of the buildings he created.
Accomplishments
What is he remembered
for? (his legacy)
Which kingdom was he in?
What is one more important
detail?
Pharaoh Hatshesput: Promoter of Egyptian Trade
The Pharaoh Hatshesput ruled from about 1473 to 1458 B.C.E, during
the New Kingdom. Hatshesput was Egypt’s first female pharaoh.
Under her rule, Egyptian art and buildings were really important. She
was also known for encouraging trade.
One of Hatshesput’s greatest accomplishment was simply gaining
power. Never before had Egypt been ruled by a woman. At first, she
shared power with her male relatives. However, soon took over as
ruler.
Hatshesput strengthened her position in
several ways. She filled her government
with loyal advisors. She demanded the same respect as a male
ruler. Sometimes she wore men’s clothing. She even wore a fake
beard that was worn by male pharaohs. Artists were often instructed
to portray her as a man. She also spread stories that her father was
a god.
As Pharaoh, Hatshesput increased trade with other countries,
including countries such as Greece and Rome across the
Mediterranean Sea.
Accomplishments
What is she remembered for? (her
legacy)
Which kingdom was she in?
What is one more important
detail?
Pharaoh Ramses II: Military leader and Master
Builder
The Pharaoh Ramses ruled from about 1290 to 1224 B.C.E.,
during the New Kingdom. Called Ramses the Great, he is one
of the most famous Pharaohs. He ruled for about 60 years,
longer than almost any pharaoh. He is best known for his
military leadership and for building many monuments.
Ramses did everything in a big way. He had over
100 wives and more than 100 children. He wasn’t shy
about glorifying himself either. He built hundreds of
statues of himself all around Egypt. Some of them
were 60 feet high.
Ramses was a fearless soldier from a young age. He
fought alongside his father in various battles. He was
made a captain in the Egyptian army at the age of 10.
Ramses also known for building incredible projects. The
main project he build was carved into the side of a cliff
on a bank of the Nile River. Four giant seated statues of
Ramses framed the entrances to the main temple. What
he built were the finest examples of Egyptian art.
Accomplishments
What is he remembered
for? (his legacy)
Which kingdom was he in?
What is one more important
detail?
WALK THROUGH THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS
Which pharaoh is
this?
How do you know?
Is this pharaoh in the old,
middle or new kingdom?
This Egyptian Pharaoh was known as a famous pyramid
builder. We do not know much about his personality. He is
sometimes described as harsh and other times as gentle.
This pharaoh was a strong military leader.
This pharaoh was a master architect and builder. He built
four statues of himself and is responsible for restoring the
temples in ancient Egypt. He did everything big!
This pharaoh was known for increasing trade across the
Mediterranean Sea with Egypt and Greece. This pharaoh
once had to share the throne with her male relatives before
she took power.
Egyptian art and building were very important to this
Pharaoh. This person spent time and money on public works
instead of on the military.
Artisans and craftspeople were really important during his rule.
Artisans and craftspeople made gold and copper into jewelry.
Bracelets and necklaces were often highly detailed and were
decorated with beautiful stones.
His greatest accomplishment s were in religious buildings. He
built and improved many temples, shrines, and religious
monuments, such as the White Temple.