Download ACS Health Information - Albertville City Schools

Bloodborne Pathogens,
Anaphylaxis,
VNS, Tier I Diabetes &
AED
Albertville City Schools
Health Services
2016-2017
ACS Exposure Control
Plan
Purpose:
To safeguard the health and safety
of students, school personnel and
others in the school environment.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
Components:
 The Principal, Lead Nurse and School Nurse in
collaboration with the School Leadership team will
make exposure determination.
 Standard precautions will be implemented,
supported, and practiced by all administrators,
staff and students. All body fluids should be
considered potentially infectious.
 Supplies and facilities will be provided, maintained
and updated as needed to maintain a safe work
environment.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 Hand washing facilities (running water, soap, paper
towels and/or hot air dryers) will be readily accessible
to employees and students.
 Antiseptic hand cleansers will be provided when hand
washing facilities are not available (field trips and
school buses).
 Puncture proof, disposable, labeled containers will be
used to dispose of needles, syringes, and sharps.
 Disposable, single use gloves will be provided to all
staff, regardless of their potential for exposure
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 Other personal, disposable, single-use
protection equipment will be provided as
required by specific tasks
 Appropriate disinfectants, supplies and
equipment to clean surfaces and waste
receptacles will be provided.
 Disposable plastic liners will be provided for
waste receptacles, including those placed
inside bathroom stalls.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 The following work place practice behaviors will be
required by the principal and practiced by all staff:
 All employees will immediately wash their hands after
removal of disposable gloves or other personal
protection equipment; after assisting with toileting of
students; and before handling food.
 All employees will wash their hands and any other body
surface with soap and water or flush mucus membranes
with water as soon as possible when coming in direct
contact with blood or other potentially hazardous
materials.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 Protective equipment such as disposable
gloves will be worn when handling any
contaminated surface or body fluid and
discarded after each use.
 Contaminated needles, lancets and other
sharps will not be recapped or bent.
 Plastic liners will not be reused in waste
receptacles.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 Employees will immediately report all exposure
incidents involving students to the school nurse who
will then notify their administrator, Lead Nurse and
parents/guardian.
 Employees will report all exposure incidents occurring
to self to the school nurse, Lead Nurse and principal
within 24 hours.
 Annual training will be provided for all school personnel
to improve their knowledge and work practice controls
regarding prevention and avoidance of exposure to
bloodborne pathogens in the school environment.
ACS Exposure Control Plan
 Hepatitis B vaccine will be made available for all employees that
have been determined to be at risk of occupational exposure due
to an incident. The Hep B series can be obtained at our local
health department for no charge to any employee that has been
exposed.
 Documentation of exposure incidents, training, Hepatitis B
vaccinations, and Health Professional’s written opinion will be
documented and stored according to state guidelines. Training
records will be kept for a three-year period. Hepatitis B
vaccination records and waivers, post-exposure incidents , and
the Health Professional written opinion will be maintained 30 years
post-employment.
 Confidentiality will be strictly protected for those involved in
exposure incidents.
 The Albertville City Schools Exposure Control plan will be revised
and updated at least annually by principal and school nurse in
collaboration with the School Leadership Team.
Bloodborne Pathogens
o Bloodborne pathogens are bacteria or viruses that
are present in human blood and body fluids and
can be transmitted to other humans.
o The most common bloodborne pathogens are:
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Modes of Transmission
 Sexually
 From mother-to-newborn at birth
 Sharing of needles or other
sharps
 Accidental needle stick/cut/bite
 Infected person to non-infected
person
 Blood transfusions (in the past)
HIV
 The virus which causes the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
 HIV attacks the body’s immune system,
weakening it so that it cannot fight other
deadly diseases.
 The virus is very fragile and will not live very
long outside of the human body.
 There is no cure for AIDS although there are
various anti-viral medications to prolong life.
 AIDS can be a fatal disease.
Hepatitis “B”
 Hepatitis means “inflammation of the liver”.
 Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver.
 In the U.S., approximately 300,000 people are
infected annually.
 Is a very durable virus and can survive outside
of the body for at least 7 days.
 It is very important to clean up any blood or
body fluid spills. Use a 1:10 bleach solution –
which is 1 part household bleach to 9 parts
water.
Hep B: Prevention
 To prevent hepatitis B:
 A 3-dose vaccine series can be given at 0, 1, & 6
months intervals.
 96% of people who take the vaccine will develop
antibody (protection) against the hepatitis B virus.
 A vaccine titer (measures the amount of immunity)
should be drawn after the vaccine series to insure
protection.
Hepatitis “C”
 Hep C or HCV is another cause of viral hepatitis.
 It is usually slow-spreading and silent, but lasts a
long time.
 It is one of the major causes of cirrhosis in the U.S.
 It is a major cause of liver cancer worldwide.
 Approximately 8-12,000 people die annually from
hepatitis C-related disease.
 There is no vaccine for HCV.
 Anti-viral medications are available for treatment
for some HCV-infected persons.
Standard
Precautions
 Consider the blood and body fluids of
everyone to be potentially infectious.
 Be careful when providing first aid or
dressing the wounds of others.
 Always keep sores or open wounds
covered with a band-aid or dressing.
Standard
Precautions
 Immediately clean up any spills of blood or
body fluids and always wear gloves while
doing this.
 Carefully clean household items such as
doorknobs and handles when someone is ill in
the home.
 Hand-washing is the #1 priority to prevent
spread of potential bacteria or viruses.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis
 Severe allergic reaction
 Involves more than one bodily system. For
example the skin and respiratory tract or
gastrointestinal tract
 Can be potentially life-threatening and
should be treated immediately.
Anaphylaxis
 Epinephrine, or adrenaline, is the medication of
choice for handling anaphylactic reactions.
Benadryl can also be used initially for minor
reactions.
 Reactions can be caused by almost anything
but the most common are:
Foods
Insect stings
Medications
Latex
EpiPen
EpiPen contains a medication
called epinephrine.
Epinephrine is used in the
treatment of allergic
emergencies or anaphylaxis.
EpiPen
EpiPen is typically kept in a locked cabinet.
However, there may be special circumstances
where you (teacher/staff) may be required to
keep an EpiPen in your classroom/gym, on
your person at all times or carry one in your
emergency backpack while on field trips.
EPIPEN
It is very important for everyone to be
trained and feel comfortable administering
an EpiPen injection during an allergic
emergency.
EpiPen Jr (0.15 mg) = Green
Label
33-66 pounds
EpiPen (0.3 mg) = Yellow Label
66 pounds and over
Directions For Use: EpiPen Auto-Injector
① Remove the EpiPen Auto-Injector from the
plastic carrying case.
② Pull off the BLUE safety release cap.
③ Swing and firmly push the ORANGE tip
against mid-outer thigh. It is ok to inject
through clothing if necessary.
④ Hold for approximately 10 seconds.
⑤ Remove and massage the area for 10
seconds.
⑥ CALL 911
EpiPen Video
 You MUST watch the video below 
 EpipPen trainers that do not contain medication or
needles are available for practice if needed.
https://www.epipen.com/about-epipen/how-to-useepipen
**The hyperlink will only connect in slide show view. Access the link. Scroll up the
page and you will see the video link. This video shows you how to selfadminister but it is the same concept if giving to another person.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator
(VNS)
The vagus nerve belongs to a
system which controls
functions of the body that are
not under voluntary control,
such as the heart rate.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator
(VNS)
Vagus nerve stimulation is a
procedure that stimulates the vagus
nerve with electrical impulses that
are sent to the brain. This can be
used to treat epilepsy or seizures
when other treatments, such as
medications, have not worked.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator
(VNS)
There is one vagus nerve on each side of your
body, running from your brainstem through your
neck to the chest and abdomen.
A VNS is a device that is surgically placed or
implanted under the skin on the chest. A wire is
threaded under the skin connecting the device to
the vagus nerve. When activated, the device
sends electrical signals along the vagus nerve to
the brainstem, which then sends signals to
certain areas of the brain.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator
(VNS)
 The VNS is programmed to be on for a certain
period of time and then go off for a specified
time frame. The person is usually unaware that
the VNS is operating.
 Special magnets can be used to trigger the
device for a burst of stimulation outside the
programmed settings. These are used for
those that know or have warning signs before
a seizure is about to occur. Using the magnet
to stimulate the device can help stop the
seizure.
VNS Device
VNS Magnets
Managing Diabetes in
the School Setting
Alabama State Department of Education
Alabama Board of Nursing
Diabetes Mellitus: Type I Diabetes
 Previously called Insulin-dependent or Juvenile Onset Diabetes
 Pancreas does not make enough insulin (a hormone secreted by the
pancreas)
 If the body has too little or no insulin then glucose cannot enter the cells of
the body to be used for energy
 Symptoms include:
 Fatigue
 Increased thirst
 Frequent urination
 Treatment includes:
 Blood glucose monitoring
 Administration of long and/or rapid-acting insulin
 Diet, exercise and rest
Diabetes Mellitus: Type II Diabetes
 Previously called Adult Onset Diabetes
 Insulin resistance
 Decreased ability of insulin (a hormone secreted by the pancreas) to
move glucose (blood sugar) from our bloodstream into our cells.
 Risk factors include:
 Family history
 Lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, obesity)
 Treatment includes:
 Blood glucose monitoring
 Diet management and exercise
 Oral medications (Glucophage, Actos, etc.)
 Insulin
Hypoglycemia (Low blood sugar)
 Blood glucose less than or equal to 80 mg/dl OR
symptoms
 Usual symptoms of hypoglycemia:
Shaky or jittery
Sweaty
Hungry
Pale
Headache
Blurry vision
Sleepy
Dizzy
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
 Can occur very quickly
 Must be treated immediately
 Prevention:
Regular blood sugar monitoring/in classroom
if necessary
Meals/Snacks eaten on regular schedule/not
skipped/in classroom if necessary
Hypoglycemia: Treatment
 Treatment of hypoglycemia:
 If student is able to swallow and follow directions, treat with a
fast-acting carbohydrate (CHO) source.
 Mini box of juice
 8 oz. carton low or no-fat milk
 ½ can soda (sweetened)
 3-4 glucose tablets
 Remain with student until he/she is able to safely
resume normal activity.
Hypoglycemia: Emergency
 If student becomes unconscious: EMERGENCY
 Student will be unable to swallow and follow directions
 Turn student onto his/her side
 Remain with the student until the on-site School Nurse/Trained
Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant arrives OR until EMS arrives
 If no School Nurse of Trained Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant
available - CALL 9-1-1
 Treatment of EMERGENT hypoglycemia:
 Administer Glucagon injection (if ordered by physician)
 Glucagon is a hormone that when injected raises the blood sugar
quickly
 Glucagon may only be administered by a School Nurse or a
Trained Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant
 Students must be accompanied by a School Nurse or Unlicensed
Diabetic Assistant or Parent if participating on a Field Trip or
Extracurricular Activity
Hyperglycemia (High blood sugar)
Blood glucose greater than or equal to 300
mg/dl OR symptoms
Usual symptoms of hyperglycemia:
Increased thirst, dry mouth
Frequent or increased urination
Change in appetite, nausea
Blurry vision
Fatigue
Hyperglycemia: Treatment
 Slower leading to medical emergency (diabetic ketoacidosis)
 Occurs when symptoms persist without treatment
 Prevention:
 Regular blood sugar monitoring/in classroom if necessary
 Meals/Snacks eaten on regular schedule/not skipped/in
classroom if necessary
 Insulin/Medications taken on time
 Exercise on time
 Treatment of hyperglycemia:
 If student is able to swallow and follow directions, treat
with the following:
zero calorie fluid (i.e. water)
Hyperglycemia: Emergency
 If student becomes unconscious: EMERGENCY
Student will be unable to swallow and follow directions
Turn student onto his/her side
Remain with the student until the on-site School
Nurse/Trained Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant arrives OR
until EMS arrives
If no School Nurse of Trained Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant
available - CALL 9-1-1
 Treatment of EMERGENT hyperglycemia:
School Nurse or a Trained Unlicensed Diabetic Assistant will
follow physician orders regarding administration of
insulin/medication
 Students must be accompanied by a School Nurse or Unlicensed
Diabetic Assistant or Parent if participating on a Field Trip or
Extracurricular Activity
AED
Automated External
Defibrillator
An automated external defibrillator (AED)
is a lightweight, portable device that
delivers an electric shock through the chest
to the heart. The shock can stop an
irregular heart rhythm and allow a normal
rhythm to resume following sudden cardiac
arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest is an abrupt
loss of heart function. If not treated within
minutes, it quickly leads to death.
Most sudden cardiac arrests result from
ventricular fibrillation. This is a rapid and
unsynchronized heart rhythm starting in the
heart’s lower pumping chambers (the
ventricles). The heart must be defibrillated
or shocked quickly. A victim’s chance of
surviving drops by seven to 10 percent for
every minute a normal heartbeat isn’t
restored.
Importance of AED’s
 Makes it possible for more people to respond to
a medical emergency where defibrillation is
required.
 They are portable and can be used by nonmedical people.
 Can be made part of emergency response
programs, which includes calling 9-1-1 and
prompt delivery of cardio pulmonary
resuscitation (CPR).
How Do AED’s Work?
A built-in computer checks a victim’s heart rhythm
through adhesive electrodes. It calculates when a
shock is needed. If a shock is needed, a recorded
voice tells the rescuer to press the shock button on
the AED. This shock stuns the heart and stops all
activity. It gives the heart the chance to resume
beating effectively. Instructions guide the user
through the process. AEDs advise a shock only for
ventricular fibrillation or another life-threatening
condition called pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Who Can Use An AED?
Anyone!
AED Locations
There are AED’s available in each
school and some schools have multiple
AED’s available in case of a cardiac
emergency. If you are not aware of the
exact locations within your schools, you
should ask your designated school
nurse.
AED Types
ACS has two types of available AED’s but they
all basically work the same.
AED Demonstration
Video
Philips HeartStart On-site AED
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zw78XnpjAGU
**The hyperlink will only connect while watching in
slide show view**
AED
For questions on more
specific AED training or
AED questions in general,
see your school nurse.
Thank You!
Thank you for taking the time to review the
annual staff training PowerPoint.
If you have any questions or concerns, feel
free to ask.
PLEASE remember to print and sign the
certificate and return to your school nurse.
Albertville City Schools
**Health Training School Year 2016/2017**
BloodBorne Pathogens, Anaphylaxis/Epi-Pen,
VNS, Tier 1 Diabetes and AED
Has been completed online or in person by
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_
Employee Name/ Job Title
_________________________________
Reviewed by School Nurse
___________________________________
Date