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Plate Tectonic Booklet
Convection
Currents
Example:
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Magma from
the mantle
Effects:
1. Creates a submarine mountain range
2. Volcanic activity in the form of fissure
eruptions
3. Shallow earthquake activity
4. Creates new sea floor and widens
ocean basins
Example:
East African Rift Valley
Magma from
the mantle
Effects:
1. Sometimes occupied by fresh or
salt water
2. Many normal faults in the rift valley
3. Shallow earthquakes along the faults
4. Sometimes there is volcanic activity
in the rift valley
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
East African
Rift Valley
Example:
Andes Mountains in South America
Effects:
1. A zone of earthquake activity along
the continent margin
2. Sometimes ocean trenches form
offshore
3. A line of volcanic eruptions a few
hundred miles inland
4. Destruction of oceanic crust
Example:
Aleutian islands
Effects:
1. A zone of progressively deeper
earthquakes
2. An oceanic trench
3. A chain of volcanic islands
4. Destruction of oceanic crust
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Aleutian islands
East African
Rift Valley
Andes
Mountains
Example:
Himalaya Mountain Range
Effects:
1. Intense folding and faulting
2. A broad folded mountain range
3. Shallow earthquake activity
4. Shortening and thickening of
the continental plates
Example:
San Andreas Fault
Effects:
1. Location of recurring earthquake
activity and faulting
2. The earthquakes are usually shallow
3. Volcanic activity is normally
NOT present
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Himalaya
Mountains
Aleutian islands
San Andreas
Fault
East African
Rift Valley
Andes
Mountains
Theory of Continental Drift-- the theory
that the earth's continents move
gradually over the surface of the Earth.
Compression-- a force that pushes two
plates together.
Convergent Boundary-- plate boundary
Theory of Plate Tectonics-- the theory
where two plates are pushed together
that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken into because of compression.
plates that float on the asthenosphere.
Convection current-- cooler, denser rock
near the astenosphere sinks while hotter,
less dense rock in the lower mantle rises
driving the movement of the tectonic
plates.
Tension-- a force that pulls two plates
apart from each other.
Divergent Boundary-- plate boundary
where two plates are moving away from
each other because of tension.
Subduction--A type of plate movement
that happens when one plate sinks
beneath another plate.
Shear force– a force that fractures rock
along a plane because of movement in
opposite directions.
Transform Boundary– plate boundary
where two plates are moving parallel to
each other in opposite directions
because of shear force.