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WHAP Unit 1 Chapter 1- 2 Reading Guide Name: Date: Hour: Read Chapters 1- 2 (Pages 2- 107) and Identify the following: Diffusion: State: Mandate of Heaven: Pharaoh: Fertile Crescent: Logophonetic: Phoenicians: Cuneiform: Chiefdom: Quipu: Hebrews: Pastoral society: Ziggurat: Hieroglyphs: Civilization: Shaman: Hyksos: Sumer: Code of Hammurabi: Hebrew: Epic of Gilgamesh: Patriarchy: Zoroastrianism: Vedic: ____/24 Total %: Read Chapter 1- 2 and Gather the Key Concept Information: Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Paleolithic Era I. Archeological Evidence: (Describe Era and where people migrated) A. Humans used fired in what ways? B. Humans developed tools and economic structures. Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies I. The Neolithic Revolution: (Describe Era) A. Agricultural communities had to work cooperatively to clear land and create water control systems needed for crop production. List the location of the early river valley civilizations. B. How did these agricultural practices drastically impact the environment? II. Agriculture and pastoralism began to transform human societies. A. Benefits of pastoralism B. Specialization of labor C. Technology developed (examples) D. Hierarchical structures/Patriarchal Social Organizations Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies I. Core and foundational civilizations (List and describe all locations) II. The first states emerged within core civilizations A. Types of rule? Rulers? China: Babylon: Mesopotamia: Egypt: Indus: B. Which States grew and competed for land and resources? Why the competition? C. List Early regions of expansion or empire building. D. New Weapons and modes of transportation(examples) III. Culture played a significant role in unifying states A. Monumental architecture and urban planning (examples) Indus: Oxus: Mesopotamia: Egypt: Olmec: China: B. Arts and artisanship (examples) C. System of record keeping independently arose (types) Mesopotamia: China: Egypt: Andean: Olmec: D. Legal Codes (early examples/location) E. Religious Beliefs developed (describe type for each region) Hebrews: Olmec: Andean: Mesopotamia: Indus: Egypt: China: F. Expansion of trade (local-regional-trans-regional) Provide two examples of regional and trans-regional trade. G. Social and gender hierarchies (explain development by region) H. Literature Indus: Egypt: Olmec: China: Mesopotamia: Mesopotamia: Egypt: Chapter 1-2 “Big Picture” Reading Questions 1. What kinds of archeological evidence are available to show how humans migrated from East Africa? (to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas) ____/24 Total %: 2. What types of tools were developed so that the migrants could more easily adapt to new environments? 3. Describe the economic structure of the groups that the migrants formed. What would happen if these groups were not self-sufficient? 4. Chart the sequence of human migration across the planet during the Paleolithic Era. 5. The Agricultural Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history. What evidence might you offer to support his claim? 6. In what ways did agriculture spread? Where and why was it sometimes resisted? What changes did it bring to humans in different regions? 7. How does the use of the term “civilization” by historians differ from that of popular usage? Describe the difference between the usages. 8. In what ways might the advent of “civilization” have marked a revolutionary change in the human condition? In what way did it carry on earlier patterns from the past? 9. Which early civilizations were disseminators of new weapons and modes of transportation? 10. Early civilizations promoted the creation of many forms of art and architecture – provide some examples. Also, describe some types of systems of record keeping discovered and developed as civilizations emerged. 11. In what way did the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differ from one another? 12. Explain how the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations were shaped by their surrounding neighbors and other civilization? ____/12 Total %: Map: On the map, label and highlight all of the “First Civilizations” discussed in these chapters. ____/8 Total %: